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School of Medicine

Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16)

The Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) is a questionnaire that measures the impact on the quality of life of an adult family member or partner resulting from having a person (of any age) in a family with any disease or condition across all of medicine.

It is self-explanatory and can be simply handed to the patient’s family member/partner who is asked to fill it in without the need for a detailed explanation.

FROM-16 has 16 simple questions based on extensive interviews with 140 family members across 26 different medical specialties. It can be used across all fields of medicine.

FROM-16 has validated score meaning bands, responsiveness and defined Minimal Important Change. It is mapped to EQ-5D to calculate utility values and is available in >30 translations.

View the latest FROM-16 publications on score meaning bands, MID and EQ-5D mapping.

Who can use it

FROM-16 can be completed by any adult who has a partner or family member of any age with any health condition or disease.

This questionnaire can be used by clinicians, pharmaceutical companies, with-profit organisations, students or researchers.

Learn more about who can use this questionnaire and how to administer it.

Apply for a license

The FROM-16© is protected by international copyright, with all rights reserved by University College Cardiff Consultants Limited (UC3). Do not use without permission. For information on or permission to use the FROM-16©, contact Mapi Research Trust.

Submitting a request is completely free of charge and will ensure an optimized service. It does not commit you to purchasing a questionnaire.

  1. Go to Submit a request
  2. If you haven't registered yet, you'll be asked to sign up for free
  3. Complete the request form. You may attach documents if need be

Age range

FROM-16 can be used by any adult aged 18 years or older. The person in the family with the health condition or disease can be any age, from infancy to the very elderly.

Time for completion

FROM-16 is usually completed in two minutes.

Recall period

The questions of FROM-16 are designed to record the current impact on quality of life.

Download the questionnaire

Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) – original UK English version

The Family Patient Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) is a questionnaire that measures the impact on the quality of life of an adult family member or partner resulting from having a person (of any age) in a family with any disease or condition, across all of medicine.

Download document (PDF, 222.4 KB)

If this document cannot be read by your assistive software, you can request an accessible version by emailing web@cardiff.ac.uk. Please include the assistive tools you use and the format you require.

Different language versions

This zip file contains the questionnaires in different languages, along with the translation certificates. Find out more about our translation and linguistic validation process and what to do if you'd like to create a new translation.

Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) - other language versions

Download the questionnaire.

Download document (ZIP, 10.8 MB)

Note that the only difference between the original UK English version and the USA English version is that in Question 11, UK English is 'holiday', USA English is 'vacation'.

How to score it

FROM-16 has 16 questions. Each question has three response options:

  • Not at all - score 0
  • A little - score 1
  • A lot - score 2

The total score range (FROM-16-total) is 0-32.

The questions in FROM-16 are divided into two parts (domains):

  • Emotional (the first 6 questions, maximum score of 12)
  • Personal and Social Life (the last 10 questions, maximum score of 20).

The FROM-16 score can also be reported as two separate scores:

  • FROM-emotional, score range 0-12
  • FROM-personal, score range 0-20.

Meaning of scores

The higher the total score, the greater the effect on the family member’s quality of life. The validated score band descriptors are:

  • 0–1 = no effect on the quality of life of family member
  • 2–8 = small effect on family member
  • 9–16 = moderate effect on family member
  • 17–25 = very large effect on family member
  • 26–32 = extremely large effect on family member

View the publication 'Meaning of Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) severity score bands: a cross-sectional online study in the UK'

Interpreting incorrectly completed questionnaires

There is a high success rate of accurate completion of the questionnaire.

However, sometimes, subjects do make mistakes. If one question is left unanswered, this is scored 0, and the scores are summed and expressed as usual out of a maximum of 32.

If two or more questions are left unanswered, the questionnaire is not scored. If two or more response options are ticked, the response option with the highest score should be recorded.

If there is a response between two tick boxes, the lower of the two score options should be recorded.

Copyright and registration

The Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) is copyrighted worldwide, so you must not change the format, wording or design of the questionnaire.

The copyright statement must always be reprinted at the end of every copy of this questionnaire in whatever language:
© S. Salek, A.Y. Finlay, M.K.A. Basra, C.J. Golics, May 2012.

By agreement, Cardiff University owns and administers all copyright matters relating to FROM-16.

FROM-16 was developed by researchers from the Centre for Pharmacoeconomic Research, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and from the Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

The USA Library of Congress Registration
Number: TXu001827532
Registration Date: 31 August 2012
Authors: Professor Sam Salek, Professor Andrew Y Finlay, Dr Mohammad K A Basra and Dr Catherine J Golics.

Original publications

Other key references

Contact us

If you have any questions, or if you have feedback on our web pages, please get in touch.

General queries

Dr. Faraz Ali

Dermatology Quality of Life Administrator

Joy Hayes

Licencing, financial and contractual enquiries

Technology Transfer office

Authors of FROM-16

  • Professor Andrew Y Finlay
  • Professor Sam Salek
  • Dr Mohammad KA Basra
  • Dr Catherine J Bottomley (née Golics)