Critical appraisal tools
The tools listed below will help identify the many ways that error and bias can distort research results.
Among the collection are a set of checklists that SURE have developed, please note that these have not been externally validated.
The Cochrane Collaboration advocate against the use of scales yielding a summary score.
- ROBIS: Tools to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews [Recommended]
- SURE Systematic Review Critical Appraisal checklist
- Critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) Checklist for Systematic Reviews
- AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or nonrandomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both [SCORE]
- Cochrane ROBINS-I tool [Recommended]
- SURE Experimental Studies Critical Appraisal checklist
- JBI checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies (non-randomized experimental studies)
- NHLBI Quality Assessment of Controlled Intervention Studies
- Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Checklist for Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs)
Cohort
- Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Checklist for Cohort Studies
- SURE Cohort Studies Critical Appraisal checklist
- JBI Checklist for Cohort Studies
- NHLBI Quality Assessment of Cohort Studies
- SIGN Cohort Studies checklist
Case controlled
- Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Checklist for Case Control Studies
- SURE Case Controlled Studies Critical Appraisal checklist
- JBI Checklist for Case Controlled Studies
- NHLBI Quality Assessment of Case Controlled Studies
- SIGN Case Controlled Studies Checklist
Cross-sectional
- SURE Cross-sectional Studies Critical Appraisal checklist
- JBI Checklist for Case Cross-sectional Studies
- NHLBI Quality Assessment of Cross-sectional Studies
Case series
- QUADAS-2 [recommended]
- Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Checklist for Diagnostic Test Studies
- JBI Checklist for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies
- NICE Guidelines, The Manual Appendix H. pp3 Algorithm for classifying quantitative (experimental and observational) study designs
- pp.24-25 in Evidence-Based Answers to Clinical Questions for Busy Clinicians. The Centre for Clinical Effectiveness, Monash Institute of Health Services Research: Melbourne, Australia, 2006
- L. Hartling et al. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 64 (2011) 861e871 - Figure 1
- AHRQ study design algorithms
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