Dr Robert Thomas
Senior Lecturer
- thomasrj@cardiff.ac.uk
- +44 (0)29 2087 6653
- Fax:
- +44 (0)29 2087 4116
- C5.11, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX
- Available for postgraduate supervision
Overview
My research group studies animal behaviour in changing environments. The environmental changes that we study range from long-term climate changes, through seasonal and daily changes, to the sudden appearance of a potential predator or an unfamiliar type of food. This work falls under four main headings, though there is plenty of overlap between these topics.
Climate change biology
Focusing on major study systems that use migratory birds as sensitive bio-indicators of climate-driven changes in trophic relationships.
- The Storm Petrels –the smallest of the seabirds, spending most of their lives on the open ocean
- The Northern Wheatear –an upland species with the most extreme trans-oceanic migration of any songbird
- Reed-bed warblers (Reed Warblers and Sedge Warblers) –a pair of congeneric migrants with contrasting migration strategies
- The Pied Flycatcher -a rapidly-declining songbird of the Welsh oak woodlands
- The Barn Swallow -familiar herald of summer in a rapidly changing climate
- The European Nightjar -specialist predator of nocturnal moths
An online talk about some of my current climate change research is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yizBE01S9hc
Sensory constraints on behaviour
- Eye design in birds and visual constraints on behaviour
- Impacts of light and noise pollution on wildlife
- Automated acoustic monitoring and identification of bat echolocation calls as a monitoring tool
Dietary wariness and foraging ecology
- Novel-food wariness in birds and fish, and its evolutionary consequences
- Strategic regulation of energy reserves in wild birds
- Diet choice and foraging ecology
- Co-author/curator of the Wikipedia page for Dietray Conservatism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_conservatism
Impacts of human activities on wild animals
- Impacts of capture and handling on birds and other animals
- Practical conservation of populations, habitats and biodiversity hotspots in a changing world
- Ecological impacts of eco-tourism and game-bird shooting
- Birds of prey in human-modified landscapes
Biography
Positions & responsibilities
- Council Member of the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (ASAB, 2009-2016).
- Education Secretary of the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (2011-2016).
- Member of the Ethics Committee of the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (2006-2013, acting Secretary 2007, 2009).
- Member of the Cardiff University Ethics Committee covering non-ASPA research (2019-present).
Publications
2020
- Facey, R. J.et al. 2020. Contrasting sensitivity of nestling and fledgling Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica body mass to local weather conditions. Ibis 162(4), pp. 1163-1174. (10.1111/ibi.12824)
- Williams, S.et al. 2020. An evidence-based assessment of the past distribution of Golden and White-tailed Eagles across Wales. Conservation Science and Practice 2(8), article number: e240. (10.1111/csp2.240)
2019
- Vafidis, J., Smith, J. and Thomas, R. 2019. Climate change and insectivore ecology. eLS, pp. -. (10.1002/9780470015902.a0028030)
2018
- Williams Schwartz, A.et al. 2018. Roadkill scavenging behaviour in an urban environment. Journal of Urban Ecology 4(1), article number: juy006. (10.1093/jue/juy006)
2017
- Thomas, R. J., Vafidis, J. O. and Medeiros Mirra, R. J. 2017. Climatic impacts on invertebrates as food for vertebrates. In: Jones, T. H. and Johnson, S. N. eds. Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates. Chichester: Wiley, pp. 295-316., (10.1002/9781119070894.ch15)
- Thomas, R. J., Vafidis, J. and Medeiros Mirra, R. 2017. Invertebrates as food for vertebrates. In: Johnson, S. and Jones, T. H. eds. Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates. John Wiley & Sons, pp. 295-316.
- Davison, S. P. and Thomas, R. J. 2017. Apparent spring swarming beaviour of Lesser Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus hipposideros). Journal of Bat Research and Conservation 10(1) (10.14709/BarbJ.10.1.2017.03)
2016
- Vafidis, J.et al. 2016. The effects of supplementary food on the breeding performance of Eurasian reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus; implications for climate change impacts. PloS One 11(7), article number: e0159933. (10.1371/journal.pone.0159933)
- Jones, G.et al. 2016. The worm has turned: behavioural drivers of reproductive isolation between cryptic lineages. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 98, pp. 11-17. (10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.015)
2015
- King, R. A., Symondson, W. O. C. and Thomas, R. J. 2015. Molecular analysis of faecal samples from birds to identify potential crop pests and useful biocontrol agents in natural areas. Bulletin of Entomological Research 105(3), pp. 261-272. (10.1017/S0007485314000935)
- Newman, R. C.et al. 2015. Using novel methodologies to examine the impact of artificial light at night on the cortisol stress response in dispersing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) fry. Conservation Physiology 3(1), article number: cov051. (10.1093/conphys/cov051)
2014
- Vafidis, J. O.et al. 2014. Habitat use and body mass regulation among warblers in the Sahel Region during the non-breeding season. PLoS ONE 9(11), article number: e113665. (10.1371/journal.pone.0113665)
- Seward, A. M.et al. 2014. The impact of increased food availability on reproduction in a long-distance migratory songbird: implications for environmental change?. PLoS ONE 9(10), article number: e111180. (10.1371/journal.pone.0111180)
- McMahon, K.et al. 2014. Dietary wariness influences the response of foraging birds to competitors. Animal Behaviour 89, pp. 63-69. (10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.12.025)
- Richards, E. L.et al. 2014. Variation in the expression of dietary conservation within and between fish species. Animal Behaviour 88, pp. 49-56. (10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.11.009)
2013
- Seward, A. M.et al. 2013. The impact of increased food availability on survival of a long-distance migratory bird. Ecology 94(1), pp. 221-230. (10.1890/12-0121.1)
2012
- Medeiros Mirra, R.et al. 2012. Molecular evidence for gender differences in the migratory behaviour of a small seabird. PLoS ONE 7(9), article number: e46330. (10.1371/journal.pone.0046330)
- Soanes, L. M., Thomas, R. J. and Bolton, M. 2012. Evaluation of field and analytical methods for estimating the population size of burrow-nesting seabirds from playback surveys. Bird Study 59(3), pp. 353-357. (10.1080/00063657.2012.695334)
2011
- Richards, E. L.et al. 2011. The expression of dietary conservatism in solitary and shoaling 3-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus. Behavioral Ecology 22(4), pp. 738-744. (10.1093/beheco/arr047)
- Clapham, J., Slater, F. M. and Thomas, R. J. 2011. Small mammals in tall grasses: biomass crops as a novel habitat. Mammal News(159), pp. 2-2.
2010
- Thomas, R. J.et al. 2010. The response of fish to novel prey: Evidence that dietary conservatism is not restricted to birds. Behavioral Ecology 21(4), pp. 669-675. (10.1093/beheco/arq037)
2007
- Marples, N. M.et al. 2007. Deactivation of dietary wariness through experience of novel food. Behavioral Ecology 18(5), pp. 803-810. (10.1093/beheco/arm053)
- Stokke, B. G.et al. 2007. Host density predicts presence of cuckoo parasitism in reed warblers. Oikos 116(6), pp. 913-922. (10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.15832.x)
2006
- Thomas, R. J.et al. 2006. Eye size, foraging methods and the timing of foraging in shorebirds. Functional Ecology 20(1), pp. 157-165. (10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01073.x)
- Thomas, R. J., Medeiros Mirra, R. and Pollard, A. L. 2006. Evidence for nocturnal inter-tidal foraging by European Storm-Petrels Hydrobates pelagicus during migration. Atlantic Seabirds 8(1/2), pp. 87-94.
2004
- Thomas, R. J.et al. 2004. Prey selection by wild birds can allow novel and conspicuous colour morphs to spread in prey populations. Oikos 106(2), pp. 285-294. (10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13089.x)
2003
- Thomas, R. J.et al. 2003. Dietary conservatism may facilitate the initial evolution of aposematism. Oikos 101(3), pp. 458-466. (10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12061.x)
- Thomas, R. J.et al. 2003. The trade-off between singing and mass gain in a daytime-singing bird, the European robin. Behaviour 140(3), pp. 387-404. (10.1163/156853903321826693)
2002
- Thomas, R. J. and Cuthill, I. C. 2002. Body mass regulation and the daily singing routines of European robins. Animal Behaviour 63(2), pp. 285-295. (10.1006/anbe.2001.1926)
- Thomas, R. J. 2002. The costs of singing in nightingales. Animal Behaviour 63(5), pp. 959-966. (10.1006/anbe.2001.1969)
- Thomas, R. J.et al. 2002. Eye size in birds and the timing of song at dawn. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 269(1493), pp. 831-837. (10.1098/rspb.2001.1941)
2000
- Thomas, R. J. 2000. Strategic diel regulation of body mass in European robins. Animal Behaviour 59(4), pp. 787-791. (10.1006/anbe.1999.1360)
Teaching
PhD
- PhD student supervision (see "supervision" tab)
- PhD assessor / examiner
- Data analysis training (see below)
MSc
- Data Science (module leader)
- Survey methods: Ornithology
- Personal tutor
- MSc project supervisor
MRes
- Project supervisor
- Research methods: Ornithology
MBiol
- Project supervisor
- Research methods
Final year
- Conservation Biology
- Global Change Biology
- Final-year project supervision
Professional Training Year (PTY)
I provide a substantial contribution to Cardiff School of Biosciences work-placement programme for undergraduates, normally supervising 2-3 PTY students per year as Cardiff University academic supervisor, plus 1-3 placements per year as Eco-explore co-director.
Second year
- Animal Diversity & Evolution
- Brain & Behaviour (assessment leader)
Field course
- Ecological Survey Methods (Kenfig and Parc Slip Nature Reserves, South Wales)
First year
- Animal Behaviour
- Sexual selection
Data analysis and statistics
I run regular courses in Data Analysis through the year. for staff and students, including courses for PhD students (NERC GW4+ DTP), the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), and the Student Conference for Conservation Science (SCCS) at Cambridge University.
Zoology degree scheme coordinator
- A weekly "Zoology Hour" (when workload permits!)
- Various activities relevant to the Zoology degree scheme, including supporting the Cardiff University Ornithological Scociety ("Bird Club"), and the Wildlife and Conservation Society ("Wildsoc")
- Personal tutor
Projects
Climate change biology
What are the biological impacts of climate change? My research group is investigating the effects of climate on individuals, populations and ecological processes - particularly how such effects may be mediated by the behaviour of individual animals. Our current work in this field focuses on major study systems that use migratory birds as sensitive bio-indicators of climate-driven changes in trophic relationships.
Effects of climate changes on trophic relationships in marine ecosystems
The body mass regulation behaviour of the smallest Atlantic seabird (the European storm petrel) changes between years in response to climate-driven changes in sea temperatures. Together with Renata Medeiros and collaborators, we coordinate a long-term monitoring project investigating how these changes are mediated by changes in the marine food webs on which storm petrels rely. Read the project's blog [ http://stormies-online.blogspot.co.uk ] for all the latest news from the project.
The speciation of the band-rumped storm petrel "super-species" is the first documented example of sympatric speciation in a bird (and indeed in any tetrapod). Renata Medeiros, Hannah Hereward and collaborators are investigating how diet and foraging ecology varies between sibling-species breeding in different seasons and locations and years, with the aim of understanding how foraging traits are linked to speciation events.
Effects of climate changes on migrant birds
Migration is one of the major challenges to survival faced by many animals, and the availability of food and other resources along the migration route is of critical importance to successfully completing the journey. Furthermore, climate may impact individuals in different ways in different parts of the annual cycle (breeding grounds, migration stopover sites and wintering areas). Together with Adam Seward, James Vafidis, Rich Facey, Jez Smith, Mike Shewring and collaborators, we combine observational studies in the field, lab and field mesocosm experiments, experimental manipulations of food availability and analyses of long-term climate and bird ringing databases, to examine the effects of climate changes on breeding behaviour, reproductive success, migration decisions, wintering ecology and annual survival of migrant songbirds. The species studied to date are primarily northern wheatears and various species of reedbed warblers, with a new project on barn swallows now underway. This work is carried out at breeding locations (Wales for warblers, flycatcher, swallows and nightjars, Shetland and Greenland for wheatears), migration stopovers (Portugal and Shetland) and wintering areas (Senegal).
Sensory constraints on behaviour
How do animals decide when to be active? My research collaboration with Alex Pollard, Rhian Newman and others focuses on the role of eye design and visual constraints in an animal's behavioural decisions, particularly under varying light levels at twilight and at night. Specific projects have examined eye size and the timing of singing (in songbirds) and foraging (in shorebirds), as well as aviary and field studies of the impacts of light pollution, using night-singing in European robins and activity of aquatic organisms as case-studies.
Dietary wariness and foraging ecology
When a forager encounters an unfamiliar object, it must decide whether to eat it and risk being poisoned (if it is toxic) or avoid it and risk missing out on a valuable food source (if it is palatable). Foragers generally show brief aversions to novel objects (neophobia) but some individuals also show a much more persistent aversion to eating novel foods (dietary conservatism), which can last for weeks or even years. In collaboration with Nicola Marples, Jo Cable, Loys Richards and others, we investigate the function, control and evolutionary consequences of these aspects of dietary wariness, in a range of taxonomic groups –primarily birds and fish. Related to this, I am also interested in the foraging decisions underlying the strategic regulation of energy reserves in foraging birds, over minutes, days, seasons and years.
Impacts of human activities on wild animals
Large numbers of wild animals are captured, handled, often marked for individual identification, and released in the course of scientific research and conservation monitoring programmes. Surprisingly, little is known about the effects of capture and handling on the animals themselves. Together with Leila Duarte and others, I am investigating the impact of capture and handling on the body mass regulation and foraging behaviour of animals throughout the annual cycle, and on breeding behaviour and fitness parameters. This work has implications for the design and implementation of ethical field studies on wild animals. Other studies of human impacts include evaluating and minimising the impacts of eco-tourism, and monitoring habitat use and foraging ecology of birds and other animals, in areas earmarked for –or currently undergoing- development.
Supervision
Current PhD students:
- Hannah Hereward: Conservation biology of two sibling-species of storm petrels breeding on the Azores.
- Zoe Deakin: Monitoring the breeding biology and foraging ecology of storm petrels in the North Atlantic.
- Alex McCubbin: Mate choice among storm petrels.
- Annalea Beard: Conservation Biology of the St Helena Storm Petrel.
- Sarah Davies: Diet and foraging ecology of reedbed warblers.
- Paul Robinson: Habitat selection and conservation of birds in West Africa.
- Elisa Panjang: Conservation of Pangolins in Borneo.
- Richard Facey: Impacts of local weather conditions on the seasonal fecundity of Barn Swallows.
- Mike Shewring: Impacts of climate change on upland bird communities, focusing on the European Nightjar.
- Amy Schwartz: The ecology of roadkill https://projectsplatter.co.uk
- Sophie-lee Williams: Golden and White-tailed Eagles in Wales; past, present and future https://www.eaglereintroductionwales.com
Current Masters students:
- Sarah Morgan (MPhil): Parasite communities of seabird communities. Sarah is also the Education Officer for Eco-explore Community Interest Company.
- Matthew Collins (MBiol): Golden and White-tailed Eagles in Wales.
- Laura Astbury (MSc): Behaviour, ecology and conservation of Monteiro's Storm Petrel.
- Molly Laban (MSc): Conservation biology of the Pied Flycatcher.
Past projects
Completed PhD students:
Dr. Alex Pollard: Eye design in birds and visual constraints on behaviour. Alex is now Senior Ecologist at Wildwood Ecology, and is Managing Director of Eco-explore Community Interest Company.
Dr. Jenny Clapham: Biodiversity value of biomass crops. Jenny now works in healthcare services in the USA and UK.
Dr. Joe Woodgate: Developmental stress and mate choice behaviour in birds. Joe is now a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Sussex.
Dr. Loys Richards: Dietary wariness in fish. Loys now works in healthcare services at the University Hospital of Wales.
Dr. Renata Medeiros: Diet and foraging ecology of Storm Petrels. Renata is now a Lecturer in statistics at Cardiff Dental School, and is actively involved in supervision of seabird research students at Cardiff School of Biosciences.
Dr. Leila Duarte: Impacts of capture and handling on wild birds. Leila now works in conservation in Portugal.
Dr. Adam Seward: Impacts of climate change on the northern wheatear. Adam is now a professional photographer and conservation biologist, based in Scotland.
Dr. Jim Vafidis: Impacts of climate change on wetland songbirds. Jim is now Senior Lecturer in Natural History at the University of the West of England, and is co-Director of Eco-explore Community Interest Company.
Dr. Rhian Newman: Impacts of artificial light at night on freshwater organisms. Rhian is now a Lecturer in Biology at the University of South Wales.
Dr. Jen Stockdale: Diet, foraging ecology and breeding productivity of famland songbirds. Jen is now a Lecturer in Biology at Nottingham University.
Dr. Farina Othman: Behaviour and conservation of Bornean forest elephants. Farina has established an NGO working to address human-elephant conflicts in Borneo.
Dr. Jeremy Smith: Impacts of climate change on a rapidly declining woodland songbird -the pied flycatcher. Jez is now a Lecturer in Natural History at the University of South Wales, and is a co-Director of Eco-explore Community Interest Company.
Recently completed Masters students -
- Ed Drewitt (MSc): Post-fledging dispersion of urban peregrine falcons.
- Jack Devlin (MRes): Impacts of Pheasants on invertebrate communities in upland Wales.
- Zoe Jones (MRes): Birds of prey in the modern Welsh landscape.
- Sam Langdon (MBiol): Birds of prey in the modern Welsh landscape.
- Jess Hey (MBiol): Diet and foraging ecology of storm petrels in the Faeroe Islands.
Engagement
- Co-director of Eco-explore [ http://www.eco-explore.co.uk ], a research-led scientific education, engagement and publishing enterprise; a spin out from Cardiff School of Biosciences. Since its formation in 2009, Eco-explore has been involved in a wide range of activities, including:
- Development of ecological education materials for use in schools
- Grant-winning and crowd-funding for community-based education and practical conservation work
- Crowd-funding of land purchases for research, conservation and education.
- Publication of a guidebook to Data Analysis with R Statistical Software [Order it here: http://www.eco-explore.co.uk/data-analysis-consulting/data-analysis-guidebook/ ]
- Data analysis training courses -email me at ThomasRJ@cf.ac.uk for details of our forthcoming courses.
- Guided tours of wildlife sites in South Wales
- Overseas research experience expeditions.
- Co-organiser with Dr Renata Medeiros of the annual "Storm Petrels in Portugal" expedition, at A Rocha Bird Observatory, Portugal. This long-running research project investigates the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems, using the smallest Atlantic seabird, the European Storm Petrel as a sensitive bio-indicator of environmental change [ http://stormies-online.blogspot.co.uk ]. A video explaining the project is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLs5UdyzY7M
- Contributor to BBC Radio 4 programmes (e.g. Nature, Material World, Planet Earth Under Threat) and many Radio Wales programmes.