Professor Stephen Richmond

2021

• Liu, C.et al. 2021. Genome scans of facial features in East Africans and cross-population comparisons reveal novel associations. PLoS Genetics 17(8), article number: e1009695. (10.1371/journal.pgen.1009695)
• Naqvi, S.et al. 2021. Shared heritability of human face and brain shape.. Nature Genetics 53, pp. 830-839. (10.1038/s41588-021-00827-w)
• Hoskens, H.et al. 2021. 3D facial phenotyping by biometric sibling matching used in contemporary genomic methodologies. PLoS Genetics 17(5), article number: e1009528. (10.1371/journal.pgen.1009528)
• Farnell, D. J. J.et al. 2021. An exploration of adolescent facial shape changes with age via multilevel partial least squares regression. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 200, article number: 105935. (10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105935)
• Indencleef, K.et al. 2021. The intersection of the genetic architectures of orofacial clefts and normal facial variation. Frontiers in Genetics 12, article number: 626403. (10.3389/fgene.2021.626403)
• White, J. D.et al. 2021. Insights into the genetic architecture of the human face. Nature Genetics 53, pp. 45-53. (10.1038/s41588-020-00741-7)

2020

• Richmond, S.et al. 2020. Exploring the midline soft tissue surface changes from 12 to 15 years of age in three distinct country population cohorts. European Journal of Orthodontics 42(5), pp. 517-524. (10.1093/ejo/cjz080)
• Nasir, S., Popat, H. and Richmond, S. 2020. The effect of resting morphological lip shape during lip movement: A three-dimensional motion analysis study. Heliyon 6(6), article number: e04093. (10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04093)
• Farnell, D. J.et al. 2020. Multilevel principal components analysis of three-dimensional facial growth in adolescents. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 188, article number: 105272. (10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105272)
• Galloway, J.et al. 2020. Multilevel analysis of the influence of maternal smoking and alcohol consumption on the facial shape of English adolescents. Journal of Imaging 6(5), pp. 101-113., article number: 34. (10.3390/jimaging6050034)
• Farnell, D. J.et al. 2020. Multilevel models of age-related changes in facial shape in adolescents. Presented at: Annual Conference on Medical Image Understanding and Analysis, Liverpool, UK, 24-26 July 2019Medical Image Understanding and Analysis. Communications in Computer and Information Science Springer Verlag pp. -., (10.1007/978-3-030-39343-4_9)

2019

• Xiong, Z.et al. 2019. Novel genetic loci affecting facial shape variation in humans. eLife 8, article number: e49898. (10.7554/eLife.49898)
• Quach, S.et al. 2019. Factors influencing orthodontic treatment outcome in South East Wales and implications for service commissioning.. Journal of Orthodontics 46(4), pp. 311-322. (10.1177/1465312519881454)
• Abbas, H. H.et al. 2019. An automatic approach for classification and categorisation of lip morphological traits. PLoS ONE 14(10), article number: e0221197. (10.1371/journal.pone.0221197)

2018

• Farnell, D. J. J.et al. 2018. What's in a smile? Initial analyses of dynamic changes in facial shape and appearance. Journal of Imaging 5(1), article number: 2. (10.3390/jimaging5010002)
• Hoskens, H.et al. 2018. Spatially dense 3D facial heritability and modules of co-heritability in a father-offspring design. Frontiers in Genetics 9, article number: 554. (10.3389/fgene.2018.00554)
• Indencleef, K.et al. 2018. Six NSCL/P loci show associations with normal-range craniofacial variation. Frontiers in Genetics 9, article number: 502. (10.3389/fgene.2018.00502)
• Wilson-Nagrani, C., Richmond, S. and Paternoster, L. 2018. Non-syndromic cleft lip and palate polymorphisms affect normal lip morphology. Frontiers in Genetics 9, article number: 413. (10.3389/fgene.2018.00413)
• Roosenboom, J.et al. 2018. SNPs associated with testosterone levels influence human facial morphology. Frontiers in Genetics 9, article number: 497. (10.3389/fgene.2018.00497)
• Richmond, S.et al. 2018. Facial genetics: A brief overview. Frontiers in Genetics 9, article number: 462. (10.3389/fgene.2018.00462)
• Farnell, D. J.et al. 2018. What’s in a Smile? Initial results of multilevel principal components analysis of facial shape and image texture. In: Nixon, M., Mahmoodi, S. and Zwiggelaar, R. eds. Medical Image Understanding and Analysis: 22nd Conference, MIUA 2018, Southampton, UK, July 9-11, 2018, Proceedings. Communications in Computer and Information Science Springer, pp. 177-188., (10.1007/978-3-319-95921-4_18)
• Howe, L. J.et al. 2018. Investigating the shared genetics of non-syndromic cleft lip/palate and facial morphology. PLoS Genetics 14(8), article number: e1007501. (10.1371/journal.pgen.1007501)
• Richmond, S.et al. 2018. Factors influencing facial shape. In: Evidence‐Based Orthodontics. Wiley, pp. 69-81., (10.1002/9781119289999.ch6)
• Abbas, H.et al. 2018. A 3D morphometric perspective for facial gender analysis and classification using geodesic path curvature features. Computational Visual Media 4(1), pp. 17-32. (10.1007/s41095-017-0097-1)
• Huang, G. J., Richmond, S. and VIg, K. W. Huang, G. J., Richmond, S. and Vig, K. W. eds. 2018. Evidence based orthodontics. John Wiley & Sons.

2017

• Farnell, D.et al. 2017. Initial results of multilevel principal components analysis of facial shape. Presented at: MIUA 2017: Annual Conference on Medical Image Understanding and Analysis, Edinburgh, UK, 11-13 July 2017 Presented at Valdes Hernandez, M. and Gonzalez Castro, V. eds.Medical Image Understanding and Analysis, Vol. 723. Communications in Computer and Information Science Cham: Springer pp. 674-685., (10.1007/978-3-319-60964-5_59)

2016

• Djordjevic, J., Zhurov, A. and Richmond, S. 2016. Genetic and environmental contributions to facial morphological variation: a 3D population-based twin study. PLoS ONE 11(9), article number: e0162250. (10.1371/journal.pone.0162250)
• Farnell, D. J. J., Popat, H. and Richmond, S. 2016. Multilevel principal component analysis (mPCA) in shape analysis: a feasibility study in medical and dental imaging. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 129, pp. 149-159. (10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.01.005)

2015

• Al Ali, A.et al. 2015. The influence of snoring, mouth breathing and apnoea on facial morphology in late childhood: a three-dimensional study. BMJ Open 5(9), article number: e009027. (10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009027)
• Robson, N.et al. 2015. Effectiveness of an audience response system on orthodontic knowledge retention of undergraduate dental students - a randomised control trial. Journal of Orthodontics 42(4), pp. 307-314., article number: 1465313315Y.000. (10.1179/1465313315Y.0000000012)
• Alqattan, M.et al. 2015. Comparison between landmark and surface-based three-dimensional analyses of facial asymmetry in adults. European Journal of Orthodontics 37(1), pp. 1-12. (10.1093/ejo/cjt075)

2014

• Al Ali, A.et al. 2014. A three-dimensional analysis of the effect of atopy on face shape. European Journal of Orthodontics 36(5), pp. 506-511. (10.1093/ejo/cjs107)
• Pound, N.et al. 2014. Facial fluctuating asymmetry is not associated with childhood ill-health in a large British cohort study. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281(1792), article number: 20141639. (10.1098/rspb.2014.1639)
• Dordevic, J.et al. 2014. Three-dimensional quantification of facial symmetry in adolescents using laser surface scanning. European Journal of Orthodontics 36(2), pp. 125-132. (10.1093/ejo/cjr091)
• Krneta, B.et al. 2014. Three-dimensional evaluation of facial morphology in children aged 5-6 years with a Class III malocclusion. European Journal of Orthodontics 36(2), pp. 133-139. (10.1093/ejo/cjs018)

2013

• Popat, H.et al. 2013. Preparing for practice - calibration of dental undergraduate students in the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. British Dental Journal 215(9), pp. 469-471. (10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.1043)
• Dordevic, J.et al. 2013. Three-dimensional analysis of facial shape and symmetry in twins using laser surface scanning. Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research 16(3), pp. 146-160. (10.1111/ocr.12012)
• Fatemifar, G.et al. 2013. Genome-wide association study of primary tooth eruption identifies pleiotropic loci associated with height and craniofacial distances. Human Molecular Genetics 22(18), pp. 3807-3817. (10.1093/hmg/ddt231)
• Dordevic, J.et al. 2013. Three-dimensional longitudinal assessment of facial symmetry in adolescents. European Journal of Orthodontics 35(2), pp. 143-151. (10.1093/ejo/cjr006)
• Popat, H.et al. 2013. A geometric morphometric approach to the analysis of lip shape during speech: development of a clinical outcome measure. PLoS ONE 8(2), article number: e57368. (10.1371/journal.pone.0057368)
• Primozic, J.et al. 2013. Three-dimensional evaluation of early crossbite correction: a longitudinal study. European Journal of Orthodontics 35(1), pp. 7-13. (10.1093/ejo/cjq198)
• Wilson, C.et al. 2013. The prevalence of lip vermilion morphological traits in a 15-year-old population. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 161(1), pp. 4-12. (10.1002/ajmg.a.35515)
• Parker, G.et al. 2013. A pitfall in the reconstruction of fibre ODFs using spherical deconvolution of diffusion MRI data. NeuroImage 65, pp. 433-448. (10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.022)
• Primozic, J.et al. 2013. The association of tongue posture with the dentoalveolar maxillary and mandibular morphology in Class III malocclusion: a controlled study. European Journal of Orthodontics 35(3), pp. 388-393. (10.1093/ejo/cjs015)
• Dordevic, J.et al. 2013. A population-based cross-sectional study of the association between facial morphology and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence. BMJ Open 3(5), article number: :e002910. (10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002910)

2012

• Primozic, J.et al. 2012. Assessment of facial asymmetry in growing subjects with a three-dimensional laser scanning system. Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research 15(4), pp. 237-244. (10.1111/j.1601-6343.2012.01550.x)
• Al Ali, A.et al. 2012. The influence of asthma on face shape: a three-dimensional study. European Journal of Orthodontics 36(4), pp. 373-380. (10.1093/ejo/cjs067)
• Primožič, J.et al. 2012. Three-dimensional longitudinal evaluation of palatal vault changes in growing subjects. The Angle Orthodontist 82(4), pp. 632-636. (10.2319/070111-426.1)
• Lu, Y.et al. 2012. Numerical modelling of the fibre–matrix interaction in biaxial loading for hyperelastic soft tissue models. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 28(4), pp. 401-411. (10.1002/cnm.1455)
• Paternoster, L.et al. 2012. Genome-wide association study of three-dimensional facial morphology identifies a variant in PAX3 associated with nasion position. American Journal of Human Genetics 90(3), pp. 478-485. (10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.021)
• Popat, H.et al. 2012. Statistical modelling of lip movement in the clinical context. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 15(2), pp. 92-102. (10.1111/j.1601-6343.2011.01539.x)
• Richmond, S.et al. 2012. Detailing patient specific modeling to aid clinical decision-making. Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics 5, pp. 105-131. (10.1007/978-94-007-4552-0_5)
• Popat, H.et al. 2012. Three-dimensional assessment of functional change following Class 3 orthognathic correction - a preliminary report. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 40(1), pp. 36-42. (10.1016/j.jcms.2010.12.005)
• Toma, A. M.et al. 2012. The assessment of facial variation in 4747 British school children. European Journal of Orthodontics 34(6), pp. 655-664. (10.1093/ejo/cjr106)
• Richmond, S., Zhurov, A. I. and Toma, A. M. 2012. Three-dimensional facial imaging. In: Wilkinson, C. and Rynn, C. eds. Craniofacial Identification. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 154-165.
• Richmond, S. and Karki, A. 2012. Complexities associated with orthodontic services in the National Health Service. British Dental Journal 212(3), article number: E5. (10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.98)

2011

• Sidorov, K. A., Richmond, S. and Marshall, A. D. 2011. Efficient groupwise non-rigid registration of textured surfaces. Presented at: 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2011), Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 20-25 June 2011IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2011, Providence, RI, 20-25 June 2011. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE pp. 2401-2408., (10.1109/CVPR.2011.5995632)
• Lu, Y. T.et al. 2011. Parametric study of a Hill-type hyperelastic skeletal muscle model. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H-Journal of Engineering in Medicine 225(H5), pp. 437-447. (10.1177/2041303310392632)
• Popat, H.et al. 2011. Facial Movement in 3 Dimensions: Average Templates of Lip Movement in Adults. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 145(1), pp. 24-29. (10.1177/0194599811401701)
• Lu, Y. T.et al. 2011. Modelling skeletal muscle fibre orientation arrangement. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 14(12), pp. 1079-1088. (10.1080/10255842.2010.509100)

2010

• Lu, Y. T.et al. 2010. A visco-hyperelastic model for skeletal muscle tissue under high strain rates. Journal of Biomechanics 43(13), pp. 2629-2632. (10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.05.030)
• Popat, H., Richmond, S. and Drage, N. 2010. Erratum: Cutting Edge: New developments in: Threedimensional planning for orthognathic surgery (Journal of Orthodontics (2010) 37:1 (62-71)). Journal of Orthodontics 37(4), pp. 319. (10.1179/14653121043299)
• Popat, H., Richmond, S. and Drage, N. 2010. New developments in: three-dimensional planning for orthognathic surgery. Journal of Orthodontics 37(1), pp. 62-71. (10.1179/14653121042885)
• Beldie, L.et al. 2010. Finite element modelling of maxillofacial surgery and facial expressions - A preliminary study. International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery 6(4), pp. 422-430. (10.1002/rcs.352)
• Božič, M.et al. 2010. Novel method of 3-dimensional soft-tissue analysis for Class III patients. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 138(6), pp. 758-769. (10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.01.033)
• Kau, C. H.et al. 2010. Use of 3-dimensional surface acquisition to study facial morphology in 5 populations. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 137(4 SUPP), pp. S56.e1-S56.e9. (10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.04.022)
• Popat, H.et al. 2010. A comparison of the reproducibility of verbal and nonverbal facial gestures using three-dimensional motion analysis. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 142(6), pp. 867-72. (10.1016/j.otohns.2010.03.003)
• Lu, Y. T.et al. 2010. Modelling the fibre orientation arrangement of skeletal muscle using FEM-NURBS method. Presented at: 9th International Symposium Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Valencia, Spain, 24-27 February 2010 Presented at Middleton, J. ed.Proceedings of the 9th Intl Symposium of Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering (CMBBE2010) Valencia, Spain 24 – 27 Feb 2010. Solihull: Arup
• Zhurov, A. I.et al. 2010. Averaging facial images. In: Kau, C. H. and Richmond, S. eds. Three-Dimensional Imaging for Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Surgery. London: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 126-144.
• Richmond, S.et al. 2010. Visualizing facial growth. In: Kau, C. H. and Richmond, S. eds. Three-Dimensional Imaging for Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Surgery. London: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 207-225.

2009

• Macfarlane, T. V.et al. 2009. Twenty-year cohort study of health gain from orthodontic treatment: Temporomandibular disorders. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 135(6), pp. 692.e1-692.e8. (10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.10.017)
• Deans, J.et al. 2009. An exploratory study of the cost-effectiveness of orthodontic care in seven European countries. European Journal of Orthodontics 31(1), pp. 90-94. (10.1093/ejo/cjn040)
• Sidorov, K. A., Richmond, S. and Marshall, A. D. 2009. An efficient stochastic approach to groupwise non-rigid image registration. Presented at: CVPR 2009, Miami Beach, FL, USA, 20-25 June 2009IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2009 (CVPR 2009), Miami, FL, 20-25 June 2009. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE pp. 2208-2213., (10.1109/CVPR.2009.5206516)
• Bryant, J. A., Drage, N. and Richmond, S. 2009. Is it time to set a Hounsfield standard? [Letter]. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 38(5), pp. 306. (10.1259/dmfr/30842473)
• Toma, A. M.et al. 2009. Reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks on 3D laser-scanned facial images. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 12(1), pp. 33-42. (10.1111/j.1601-6343.2008.01435.x)
• Popat, H.et al. 2009. Quantitative analysis of facial movement - A review of three-dimensional imaging techniques. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 33(5), pp. 377-383. (10.1016/j.compmedimag.2009.03.003)
• Božič, M.et al. 2009. Facial morphology of Slovenian and Welsh white populations using 3-dimensional imaging. Angle Orthodontist 79(4), pp. 640-645.
• Macfarlane, T. V.et al. 2009. Orofacial pain in young adults and associated childhood and adulthood factors: results of the population study, Wales, United Kingdom. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 37(5), pp. 438-450. (10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00482.x)
• Mwangi, C. W., Richmond, S. and Hunter, M. L. 2009. Relationship between malocclusion, orthodontic treatment, and tooth wear. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 136(4), pp. 529-535. (10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.11.030)
• Primozic, J.et al. 2009. Early crossbite correction: a three-dimensional evaluation. European Journal of Orthodontics 31(4), pp. 352-356. (10.1093/ejo/cjp041)
• Richmond, S., Toma, A. M. and Zhurov, A. 2009. New perspectives on craniofacial growth. Nouvelles perspectives sur la croissance cranio-faciale. 80(4), pp. 359-369.
• Sidorov, K. A., Richmond, S. and Marshall, D. 2009. An efficient stochastic approach to groupwise non-rigid image registration. IEEE. (10.1109/CVPRW.2009.5206516)
• Lu, Y. T.et al. 2009. Three dimensional skeletal muscle tissue modelling. Presented at: 1st international conference on biodental engineering, Porto, Portugal, 26-27 June 2009Biodental engineering : proceedings of the 1 International Conference on Biodental Engineering, Porto, Portugal, 26-27 June 2009. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC
• Athanasiou, A. E.et al. 2009. World Federation of Orthodontists (WFO) Guidelines for Postgraduate Orthodontic Education. World Journal of Orthodontics 10(2), pp. 153-166.

2008

• Popat, H.et al. 2008. Three-dimensional motion analysis - an exploratory study. Part 1: Assessment of facial movement. Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research 11(4), pp. 216-223. (10.1111/j.1601-6343.2008.00433.x)
• Toma, A. M.et al. 2008. A three-dimensional look for facial differences between males and females in a British-Caucasian sample aged 15 1/2 years old. Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research 11(3), pp. 180-185. (10.1111/j.1601-6343.2008.00428.x)
• Popat, H.et al. 2008. Three-dimensional motion analysis - an exploratory study. Part 2: Reproducibility of facial movement. Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research 11(4), pp. 224-228. (10.1111/j.1601-6343.2008.00435.x)
• Bryant, J., Drage, N. and Richmond, S. 2008. Study of the scan uniformity from an i-CAT cone beam computed tomography dental imaging system. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 37(7), pp. 365-374. (10.1259/dmfr/13227258)
• Dunstan, F. D. J.et al. 2008. League tables for orthodontists. European Journal of Orthodontics 30(6), pp. 636-640. (10.1093/ejo/cjn036)
• Hunter, L. J.et al. 2008. The Cardiff Dental Survey: oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal health in relation to smoking in young adults. International Journal of Dental Hygiene 6(3), pp. 199-204. (10.1111/j.1601-5037.2008.00311.x)
• Kau, C. H. and Richmond, S. 2008. Three-dimensional analysis of facial morphology surface changes in untreated children from 12 to 14 years of age. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 134(6), pp. 751-760. (10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.01.037)

2007

• Hunter, M. L.et al. 2007. The Cardiff dental survey: oral hygiene and gingival health between the ages of 11-12 and 30-31 years. British dental journal 203(E23) (10.1038/bdj.2007.964)
• Shaw, W. C.et al. 2007. A 20-year cohort study of health gain from orthodontic treatment: psychological outcome. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 132(2), pp. 146-157. (10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.04.009)
• Kau, C. H., Cronin, A. J. and Richmond, S. 2007. A 3-Dimensional evaluation of post-operative swelling following orthognathic surgery at 6 months. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 119(7), pp. 2192-2199. (10.1097/01.prs.0000260707.99001.79)
• Richmond, S.et al. 2007. The relationship of medical and dental factors to perceived general and dental health. Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 35(2), pp. 89-97. (10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00296.x)
• Sidorov, K. A.et al. 2007. Towards efficient 3D facial appearance models. Presented at: The ACM SIGGRAPH / Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, San Diego, CA, USA, 3-4 August 2007 Presented at Gleicher, M. and Thalmann, D. eds.Computer Animation 2007 : ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation : San Diego, California, August 3-4, 2007. New York, N.Y.: Eurographics Association pp. 1-2.

2006

• Seager, J. M.et al. 2006. A randomised controlled trial of clinical outreach education to rationalise antibiotic prescribing for acute dental pain in the primary care setting. British Dental Journal 201(4), pp. 217-222. (10.1038/sj.bdj.4813879)
• Ong, E., Playle, R. A. and Richmond, S. 2006. Peer assessment of dental attractiveness. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics 130(2), pp. 163-169. (10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.02.018)
• Kau, C. H.et al. 2006. The 3-Dimensional construction of the average 11 year old child face: A clinical evaluation and application. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 64(7), pp. 1086-1092. (10.1016/j.joms.2006.03.013)

2005

• Kau, C. H.et al. 2005. Reliability of measuring facial morphology with a 3-dimensional laser scanning system. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 128(4), pp. 424-430. (10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.06.037)
• Tatarunaite, E.et al. 2005. Facial attractiveness: a longitudinal study. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 127(6), pp. 676-682. (10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.01.029)
• Playle, R. A. and Richmond, S. 2005. An update on the analysis of agreement for orthodontic indices. The European Journal of Orthodontics 27(3), pp. 286-291. (10.1093/ejo/cjh078)
• Richmond, S.et al. 2005. Measuring the cost, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of orthodontic care. World journal of orthodontics 6(2), pp. 161-170.

2004

• Kau, C. H.et al. 2004. Extractions as a form of interception in the developing dentition: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Orthodontics 31(2), pp. 107-114. (10.1179/146531204225020391)
• Richmond, S.et al. 2004. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of orthodontic provision. Dental Update 31(3), pp. 146-152.

2003

• Liepa, A.et al. 2003. Orthodontic treatment need in Latvia. The European Journal of Orthodontics 25(3), pp. 279-284. (10.1093/ejo/25.3.279)

2001

• Chadwick, B. L.et al. 2001. The longevity of dental restorations: a systematic review. York: NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York. Available at: http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/CRD_Reports/crdreport19.pdf
• Chadwick, B. L.et al. 2001. Challenges with studies investigating longevity of dental restorations—a critique of a systematic review. Journal of dentistry 29(3), pp. 155-161. (10.1016/S0300-5712(01)00003-3)

1999

• Chadwick, B. L.et al. 1999. What type of filling? Best practice in dental restorations. Quality in Health Care 8(3), pp. 202-207. (10.1136/qshc.8.3.202)