Dr Gen Li
Research Associate
- lig9@cardiff.ac.uk
- +44(0 )7404608844
- Room E/2.24,, Queen's Buildings - East Building, 5 The Parade, Newport Road, Cardiff, CF24 3AA
Overview
I have received a B.Eng. degree in Electrical Engineering and its Automation from Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China, in 2011, the M.Sc. degree in Power Engineering from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, in 2013 and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K, in 2018.
From 2013 to 2016, I was a Marie Curie Early Stage Research Fellow funded by the European Union’s MEDOW project. I have been a Visiting Researcher at China Electric Power Research Institute and Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute, Beijing, China, at Elia, Brussels, Belgium and at Toshiba International (Europe), London, U.K. I have been a Research Associate at the School of Engineering, Cardiff University since 2017. My research interests include protection and control of HVDC and MVDC technologies, power electronics, renewable energy integration, stability and control of hybrid AC/DC grids, reliability modeling and evaluation of power electronics systems for different applications.
I am a Chartered Engineer in the U.K, and am an Associate Editor of the CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems. My Ph.D. thesis received the First CIGRE Thesis Award in 2018.
Biography
Publications
2022
- Duan, S., Xia, B., Yan, G., Li, N., Li, G. and Ding, Y. 2022. A grid inductance detection method based on the oscillation characteristic of inverter terminal voltage. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 37(6), pp. 7209-7217. (10.1109/TPEL.2021.3139886)
- Xu, J., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Wang, J. and Li, G. 2022. Optimal suppression strategy for capacitor voltage ripples of hybrid MMCs under unbalanced grid voltages. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery (10.1109/TPWRD.2022.3183065)
- Fang, X., Li, G., Chen, C., Wang, D., Xiong, J. and Zhang, K. 2022. An energy absorbing method for hybrid mmcs to avoid full-bridge submodule overvoltage during DC fault blocking. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 37(5), pp. 4947-4951. (10.1109/TPEL.2021.3130766)
- Fang, X., Li, G., Chen, C., Xiong, J. and Zhang, K. 2022. An auxiliary circuit enhancing the DC fault clearing capability of hybrid MMCs with low proportion of FB-SMs. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (10.1109/TPEL.2022.3171552)
- Feng, M., Gao, C., Xu, J., Zhao, C. and Li, G. 2022. Modeling for complex modular power electronic transformers using parallel computing. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics (10.1109/TIE.2022.3170623)
- Zhang, L., Jiang, S., Zhang, B., Li, G., Wang, Z. and Tang, W. 2022. Coordinated optimization of emergency power vehicles and distribution network reconfiguration considering the uncertain restoration capability of e-taxis. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 58(2), pp. 2707-2717. (10.1109/TIA.2021.3137132)
- Wang, Y., Wang, K., Li, G., Wu, F., Wang, K. and Liang, J. 2022. A generalized switched-capacitor step-up multi-level inverter employing single DC source. Journal of Power and Energy Systems 8(2), pp. 439-451. (10.17775/CSEEJPES.2020.06280)
- Zhang, L., Zhao, C., Zhang, B., Li, G. and Tang, W. 2022. Voltage control method based on three-phase four-wire sensitivity for hybrid AC/DC low-voltage distribution networks with high-penetration PVs. IET Renewable Power Generation 16(4), pp. 700-712. (10.1049/rpg2.12350)
- Zhang, S., Li, B., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Xu, D., Li, G. and Liang, J. 2022. A hybrid modular interline current flow controller for meshed HVDC grids. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
2021
- Abeynayake, G., Li, G., Joseph, T., Liang, J. and Ming, W. 2021. Reliability and cost-oriented analysis, comparison and selection of multi-level MVdc converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 36(6), pp. 3945-3955. (10.1109/TPWRD.2021.3051531)
- Liu, W., Yu, J., Li, G., Liang, J., Ugalde-Loo, C. E. and Moon, A. 2021. Analysis and protection of converter-side AC faults in a cascaded converter-based MVDC link: ANGLE-DC project. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (10.1109/TSG.2021.3139142)
- Xu, J., Wu, D., Yan, J., Li, G. and Zhao, C. 2021. A hybrid h-bridge fault current limiter for HVDC grid protection. Presented at: IEEE 1st International Power Electronics and Application Symposium (PEAS 2021), Shanghai, China, 13-15 November 20212021 IEEE 1st International Power Electronics and Application Symposium (PEAS). IEEE pp. 1-6., (10.1109/PEAS53589.2021.9628646)
- Wu, G. et al. 2021. Low-frequency converter-driven oscillations in weak grids: explanation and damping improvement. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 36(6), pp. 5944-5947. (10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3099341)
- Zhao, X., Xu, J., Li, G., Yuan, J. and Liang, J. 2021. Coordinated control of DC circuit breakers in multilink HVDC grid. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems (10.17775/CSEEJPES.2020.05170)
- Zhao, X., Li, G., Xu, J. and Yuan, J. 2021. A clamping type DC circuit breaker with short fault isolation time and low energy dissipation. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems (10.17775/CSEEJPES.2020.05180)
- Lui, X., Li, G., Zheng, T., Yang, X. and Guerrero, J. M. 2021. Thyristor-pair- and damping-submodule-based protection against valve-side single-phase-to-ground faults in MMC-MTDC systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery (10.1109/TPWRD.2021.3125661)
- Xu, J., Li, X., Li, G. and Zhao, C. 2021. DC current flow controller with fault current limiting and interrupting capabilities. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 36(5), pp. 2606-2614. (10.1109/TPWRD.2020.3023113)
- Xu, J., Deng, W., Li, G., Zhao, C. and Chongru, L. 2021. Optimal second-harmonic current injection for capacitor voltage fluctuation reduction in hybrid MMCs under grid-side SLG faults. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery (10.1109/TPWRD.2021.3118690)
- Zhou, S., Li, B., Xu, D. and Li, G. 2021. Modular multilevel converter with thyristor DC-link switch for full-torque variable-speed drives. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems (10.17775/CSEEJPES.2021.00500)
- Liu, W., Li, C., Ugalde Loo, C., Wang, S., Li, G. and Liang, J. 2021. Operation and control of an HVDC circuit breaker with current flow control capability. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 9(4), pp. 4447-4458. (10.1109/JESTPE.2020.3005894)
- Gao, C. et al. 2021. Accelerated electromagnetic transient (EMT) equivalent model of solid-state transformer. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics (10.1109/JESTPE.2021.3094278)
- Xu, J., Song, B., Lü, Y., Zhao, C., Li, G. and Liang, J. 2021. A multi-port current-limiting hybrid DC crcuit breaker. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, pp. 1672-1682. (10.1109/TPWRD.2020.3013014)
- Xu, J., Sun, Y., Chengyong, C., Feng, M., Zhao, C. and Gen, L. 2021. Fast electromagnetic transient simulation methods and prospects of high-frequency isolated power electronics transformers. CIGRE ELECTRA 316, pp. 29-35.
- Xu, J., Deng, W., Gao, C., Lu, F., Liang, J., Zhao, C. and Li, G. 2021. Dual harmonic injection for reducing the sub-module capacitor voltage ripples of hybrid MMC. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 9(3), pp. 3622-3633. (10.1109/JESTPE.2020.3027464)
- Li, B. et al. 2021. Continuous operation of LVDC source/load under DC faults in MMC-DC distribution systems. Electric Power Systems Research 194, article number: 107065. (10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107065)
- Wang, Y., Yuan, Y., Li, G., Yuanmao, Y., Wang, K. and Liang, J. 2021. A T-type switched-capacitor multilevel inverter with low voltage stress and self-balancing. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 68(5), pp. 2257-2270. (10.1109/TCSI.2021.3060284)
- Wang, Y. et al. 2021. An improved bipolar-type AC-AC converter topology based on non-differential dual-buck PWM AC choppers. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36(4), pp. 4052-4065. (10.1109/TPEL.2020.3022026)
- Zhang, S., Li, B., Cheng, D., Zhao, X., Li, G., Wang, W. and Xu, D. 2021. A monopolar symmetrical hybrid cascaded DC/DC converter for HVDC interconnections. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36(1), pp. 248-262. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.3002536)
- Joseph, T., Ugalde Loo, C., Li, G., Liang, J., Adeuyi, O. D., Rahman, M. H. and Cowan, I. 2021. Impact of grid strength on HVDC connection requirements. Presented at: 12th International Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE Asia 2021), Virtual, 24-27 May 2021.
- Yang, R., Shi, G., Cai, X., Zhang, C. and Li, G. 2021. Internal energy based grid-forming control for MMC-HVDC systems with wind farm integration. Presented at: 12th International Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE Asia 2021), Virtual, 24-27 May 2021.
- Zhang, H., Li, G., Wang, Y., Liu, C. and Chen, Z. 2021. A dual-bridge hybrid DC circuit breaker. Presented at: 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2021), Virtual, 13-16 October 2021. , (10.1109/IECON48115.2021.9589059)
- Huang, M., Pan, H., Li, G., Xu, J. and Jia, X. 2021. Strategy for switchover between the ground return and the metallic return operation modes of MTDC systems. Presented at: 2021 5th International Conference on Power and Energy Engineering (ICPEE 2021), Xiamen, China, 2 - 4 December 2021.
2020
- Li, G., Liang, J., Ugalde-Loo, C. E., Ma, F., Liang, H. and Song, Z. 2020. Protection for submodule overvoltage caused by converter valve-side single-phase-to-ground faults in FB-MMC based bipolar HVDC systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 35(6), pp. 2641-2650. (10.1109/TPWRD.2020.2974413)
- Liu, W., Li, G., Liang, J., Ugalde Loo, C., Li, C. and Guillaud, X. 2020. Protection of single-phase fault at the transformer valve-side of FB-MMC based bipolar HVDC systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67(10), pp. 8416-8427. (10.1109/TIE.2019.2947853)
- Yang, R., Shi, G., Cai, X., Zhang, C., Li, G. and Liang, J. 2020. Autonomous synchronizing and frequency response control of multi-terminal DC systems with wind farm integration. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 11(4), pp. 2504-2514. (10.1109/TSTE.2020.2964145)
- Wang, Y., Yuan, Y., Li, G., Chen, T., Wang, K. and Liang, J. 2020. A generalized multilevel inverter based on T-Type switched capacitor module with reduced devices. Energies 13(17), article number: 4406. (10.3390/en13174406)
- Sun, Q. et al. 2020. Analysis and experimental validation of current-fed switched capacitor - based Modular DC transformer. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 16(8), pp. 5137-5149. (10.1109/TII.2019.2957128)
- Jua, L., Wu, J., Lin, H., Tan, Q., Li, G., Tan, Z. and Li, J. 2020. Robust purchase and sale transactions optimization strategy for electricity retailers with energy storage system considering two-stage demand response. Applied Energy 271, article number: 115155. (10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115155)
- Li, G., Liu, W., Joseph, T., Liang, J. and Song, Z. 2020. Double-thyristor based protection for valve-side single-phase-to-ground faults in HB-MMC based bipolar HVDC systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67(7), pp. 5810-5815. (10.1109/TIE.2019.2931502)
- Zhao, X., Chen, L., Li, G., Xu, J. and Yuan, J. 2020. Coordination method for DC fault current suppression and clearance in DC grids. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems (10.17775/CSEEJPES.2019.03160)
- Li, G., An, T., Liang, J., Liu, W., Joseph, T., Lu, J. and Lan, Y. 2020. Studies of commutation failures in Hybrid LCC/MMC HVDC systems. Global Energy Interconnection 3(3), pp. 193-204. (10.14171/j.2096-5117.gei.2020.03.001)
- Wang, H. et al. 2020. Optimal dispatch based on prediction of distributed electric heating storages in combined electricity and heat networks. Applied Energy 267, article number: 114879. (10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114879)
- Abeynayake, G., Li, G., Liang, J. and Cutululis, N. A. 2020. A review on MVdc collection systems for high-power offshore wind farms. Presented at: 14th IEEE International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS 2019), Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 18-20 December 20192019 14th Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS). IEEE pp. 407-412., (10.1109/ICIIS47346.2019.9063352)
- Li, G. et al. 2020. Power reversal strategies for hybrid LCC/MMC HVDC systems. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 6(1), pp. 203-212., article number: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2019.01050. (10.17775/CSEEJPES.2019.01050)
- Joseph, T., Ugalde Loo, C., Balasubramaniam, S., Liang, J. and Li, G. 2020. Experimental validation of an active wideband SSR damping scheme for series-compensated networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 35(1), pp. 58-70. (10.1109/TPWRD.2019.2924730)
- Haifeng, L., Lee, Z. and Li, G. 2020. A calculation model of charge and discharge capacity of electric vehicle cluster based on trip chain. IEEE Access 8, pp. 142026-142042. (10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3014160)
2019
- Li, G., Zhang, L., Joseph, T., Liang, J. and Yan, G. 2019. Comparisons of MVAC and MVDC systems in dynamic operation, fault protection and post-fault restoration. Presented at: IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Lisbon, Portugal, 14-17 October 2019IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE pp. 5657-5662., (10.1109/IECON.2019.8927251)
- Liu, W., Liang, J., Ugalde Loo, C. and Li, G. 2019. Modeling and frequency analysis of a dual H-bridge current flow controller in meshed HVDC systems. Presented at: EPE'19 ECCE Europe, 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, Genova, Italy, 2-6 September 20192019 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE '19 ECCE Europe). IEEE pp. 1-9., (10.23919/EPE.2019.8915121)
- Liu, W., Liang, J., Ugalde-Loo, C., Li, C., Li, G. and Yang, P. 2019. Level-shift modulation and control of a dual H-bridge current flow controller in meshed HVDC systems. Presented at: 11th Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Baltimore, MD, USA, 29 September - 3 October 20192019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE pp. 62-66., (10.1109/ECCE.2019.8912857)
- Abeynayake, G. et al. 2019. Reliability evaluation of voltage source converters for MVDC applications. Presented at: IEEE ISGT Asia 2019, Chengdu, China, 21-24 May 2019IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia). IEEE, (10.1109/ISGT-Asia.2019.8881326)
- Abeynayake, G., Li, G., Liang, J. and Cutululis, N. A. 2019. A review on MVdc collection systems for high power offshore wind farms. Presented at: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), 18-20 December 2019.
- Joseph, T., Jose, K., Ugalde Loo, C. E., Li, G. and Liang, J. 2019. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop platform for hybrid AC/DC power system studies. Presented at: 13th IEEE PowerTech 2019, Milano, Italy, 23-27 June 2019IEEE Milan PowerTech. IEEE, (10.1109/PTC.2019.8810905)
- Joseph, T. et al. 2019. Dynamic average converter model for MVDC link harmonic analysis. Presented at: 13th IEEE PowerTech 2019, Milano, Italy, 23 - 27 June 2019Proceedings 2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech. IEEE, (10.1109/PTC.2019.8810551)
- Li, G. et al. 2019. Feasibility and reliability analysis of LCC DC grids and LCC/VSC hybrid DC grids. IEEE Access 7, pp. 22445-22456. (10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2898387)
- Li, G., Liang, J., Ma, F., Ugalde Loo, C. E. and Liang, H. 2019. Analysis of single-phase-to-ground faults at the valve-side of HB-MMCs in HVDC Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66(3), pp. 2444-2453. (10.1109/TIE.2018.2829666)
- Wang, S., Li, C., Adeuyi, O. D., Li, G., Ugalde-Loo, C. E. and Liang, J. 2019. Coordination of MMCs with hybrid DC circuit breakers for HVDC grid protection. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 34(1), pp. 11-22. (10.1109/TPWRD.2018.2828705)
- Li, G. et al. 2019. Control strategies of full-voltage to half-voltage operation for LCC and hybrid LCC/MMC based UHVDC systems. Energies 12(4), pp. 742. (10.3390/en12040742)
- Chen, W., Liang, J., Yang, Z. and Li, G. 2019. A review of lithium-ion battery for electric vehicle applications and beyond. Energy Procedia 158, pp. 4363-4368. (10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.783)
- Joseph, T. et al. 2019. Dynamic average converter model for MVDC link harmonic analysis. Presented at: 13th IEEE PowerTech 2019, Milano, Italy, 23 - 27 June 2019. pp. -.
- Joseph, T., Jose, K., Ugalde Loo, C., Li, G. and Liang, J. 2019. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop platform for hybrid AC/DC power system studies. Presented at: IEEE PES PowerTech Milano 2019, 23-27 June 2019.
- Liu, W., Li, G., Ugalde-Loo, C. and Liang, J. 2019. Start-up strategy for modular multilevel converters with modified nearest level modulation method. Presented at: 8th Renewable Power Generation Conference (RPG 2019), Shanghai, China, 24-25 October 20198th Renewable Power Generation Conference (RPG 2019). IET, (10.1049/cp.2019.0473)
2018
- Li, G., Liang, J., Joseph, T., An, T., Szechtman, M., Andersen, B. and Zhuang, Q. 2018. Start-up and shut-down strategies of hybrid LCC/VSC DC grids. Presented at: 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Beijing, China, 20-22 Oct 20182018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, (10.1109/EI2.2018.8582543)
- Li, X., Liang, J., Li, G. and Joseph, T. 2018. Modeling and stability analysis of the sub-synchronous interactions in weak AC grids with wind power integration. Presented at: 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), Glasgow, UK, 4-7 Sept 201853rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, (10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541852)
- Li, G., Liang, J., Balasubramaniam, S., Joseph, T., Ugalde Loo, C. and Jose, K. F. 2018. Frontiers of DC circuit breakers in HVDC and MVDC systems. Presented at: 2017 IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Beijing, China, 26-28 November 20172017 IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, (10.1109/EI2.2017.8245743)
- Joseph, T., Liang, J., Li, G., Moon, A., Smith, K. and Yu, J. 2018. Dynamic control of MVDC link embedded in distribution network:- case study on ANGLE-DC. Presented at: 2017 IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Beijing, China, 26-28 November 20172017 IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE pp. 1-6., (10.1109/EI2.2017.8245752)
2017
- Li, G., Liang, J., Malirat, F., Ugalde Loo, C., Liang, H. and Li, H. 2017. Analysis of single-phase-to-ground faults at the valve-side of HB-MMCs in bipolar HVDC systems. Presented at: 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Cincinnati, OH, 1-5 October 2017. pp. 2659., (10.1109/ECCE.2017.8096501)
- Yan, G., Duan, S., Zhao, S., Li, G., Wu, W. and Li, H. 2017. Research on the mechanism of neutral-point voltage fluctuation and capacitor voltage balancing control strategy of three-phase three-level T-type inverter. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 12(6), pp. 2227-2236. (10.5370/JEET.2017.12.6.2227)
- Aithal, A., Li, G. and Wu, J. 2017. Grid side unbalanced fault detection using soft open point in an electrical distribution network. Energy Procedia 105, pp. 2859-2864. (10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.631)
- Zhou, Y., Wang, C., Wu, J., Wang, J., Cheng, M. and Li, G. 2017. Optimal scheduling of aggregated thermostatically controlled loads with renewable generation in the intraday electricity market. Applied Energy 188, pp. 456-465. (10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.008)
- Li, G. 2017. Analysis and protection of HVDC systems subject to AC and DC faults. PhD Thesis, Cardiff University.
2016
- Zhang, L., Tang, W., Liang, J., Li, G., Cai, Y. and Yan, T. 2016. A medium voltage hybrid AC/DC distribution network and its economic evaluation. Presented at: 12th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2016), Beijing, China, 28-29 May, 201612th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2016). IET, (10.1049/cp.2016.0446)
- Zhang, L., Tang, W., Liang, J., Li, G. and Cai, Y. 2016. Power-voltage coordinated control in hybrid AC/DC medium voltage distribution networks based on VSC. Zhongguo Dianji Gongcheng Xuebao/Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering 36(22), pp. 6067-6075. (10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.152509)
- Li, G., Liang, J., Ugalde Loo, C., Coventry, P. and Rimez, J. 2016. Dynamic interactions of DC and AC grids subject to DC faults. Presented at: 2016 IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC-ECCE Asia), Hefei, China, 22-25 May 2016Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC-ECCE Asia), 2016 IEEE 8th International. , (10.1109/IPEMC.2016.7512712)
- Li, G., Li, C. and Van Hertem, D. 2016. HVDC technology overview. In: Van Hertem, D., Gomis-Bellmunt, O. and Liang, J. eds. HVDC Grids: For Offshore and Supergrid of the Future. IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering Wiley-IEEE Press, pp. 45-78.
- Wang, S., Li, C., Adeuyi, O. D., Li, G., Ugalde Loo, C. and Liang, J. 2016. Coordination of DC circuit breakers and modular multi-level converters for HVDC grid protection. Presented at: 2nd International Conference on HVDC (HVDC 2016), Shanghai, China, 25-27 October 2016.
- Li, G., Liang, J., Ugalde Loo, C. and Coventry, P. 2016. Impacts of DC circuit breakers on AC/DC system stability subject to DC faults. Presented at: 2nd International Conference on HVDC (HVDC 2016), Shanghai, China, 25-27 October 2016.
2015
- Zheng, R., Li, G. and Liang, J. 2015. Capability of TCSC on SSR Mitigation. Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 3(4), pp. 232-239. (10.4236/jpee.2015.34032)