Yr Athro David Lloyd

Honorary Professor

Ysgol y Biowyddorau

: lloydd@cardiff.ac.uk
: +44 (0)2920842649

Research Overview

Studies in Professor David Lloyd's Laboratory include:

Biological timekeeping especially in the range seconds to hours in living organisms
Monitoring intracellular events by non-invasive methods such as mass spectrometry, fluorescence techniques and NMR
Using these approaches to solve medical, environmental and industrial problems
Microwave interactions with biological systems: separated electric and magnetic field effects, and putative non-thermal components.

Microbiology: Past, Present and Future (2019)

Tributes to Gregorio Weber 1916 - 1997

Timeline

2015 - present Collaboration with US National Institute of Health on Aging, Baltimore, USA
2008 - present Honorary Professor (Cardiff University)
2008 – 2017 H.C. Andersen Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, (University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark)
2001 - present Collaboration with Department of Molecular Cardiobiology, Johns Hopkins Medical University, Baltimore, USA
1978 - 2008 Professor of Microbiology (Cardiff University)
2001 - 2009 (six 1 week visits) Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA, Department of Molecular Cardiobiology
1999 (6 months) University of New South Wales, Australia, Department of Biochemistry
1998 - 2009 (4 visits) AIST, Tsukuba City and Keio University, Japan
1998 (3 months) Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India, Department of Molecular Biology
1997 (3 months) University of New South Wales, Australia, Department of Biochemistry
1990 (4 months) Odense University (U.S. Denmark), Department of Biochemistry
1986 (2 months) Harvard University, Biolabs, USA
1985 (2 months) ATOMKI Debrecen, Hungary
1984 (1 month) INRA Bordeaux, France
1982 - 1987 Head of the Microbiology Department, University College Cardiff, University of Wales
1978 Personal Chair (University College of South Wales & Monmouthshire)
1976 - 1978 Reader (University College of South Wales & Monmouthshire)
1977 Guest Scientist (2 months) Rockefeller University, New York, USA
1976 Senior Lecturer (University College of South Wales & Monmouthshire)
1972 DSc (Sheffield)
1969 - 1976 Lecturer (University College of South Wales & Monmouthshire)
1968 - 1979 (4 visits Wellcome, Leverhulme & RS) University of Pennsylvania, USA
1967 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, Department of Biophysics
1967 - 1969 Research Assistant MRC Group (Microbial Structure & Function)
1964 - 1967 ICI Research Fellowship (University College of South Wales & Monmouthshire)
1964 PhD (Wales) (University College of South Wales & Monmouthshire)
1961 BSc (Biochemistry, 1st Class Hons) (Sheffield University)

Anrhydeddau a Dyfarniadau

Lifetime award: British Society of Protozoology
Lifetime award: International Society of Protistology
Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales
2008-present Honorary Professor, Cardiff University
2008-2017 H.C. Andersen Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense

Safleoedd academaidd blaenorol

1978-2008 Professor of Microbiology, Cardiff University
1982-1987 Head of the Microbiology Department, University College Cardiff, University of Wales
1978 Personal Chair, University College Cardiff, University of Wales
1976 -1978 Reader, University College of South Wales & Monmouthshire
1977 Guest Scientist (2 months) Rockefeller University, New York
1976 Senior Lecturer, University College of South Wales & Monmouthshire
1969-1976 Lecturer, University College of South Wales & Monmouthshire
1967-1969 Research Assistant MRC Group (Microbial Structure & Function), University College of South Wales & Monmouthshire
1964-1967 ICI Research Fellowship, University College of South Wales & Monmouthshire

2021

Lloyd, D., Chapman, A., Ellis, J. E., Hillman, K., Paget, T. A., Yarlett, N. and Williams, A. G. 2021. Oxygen levels are key to understanding “Anaerobic” protozoan pathogens with micro-aerophilic lifestyles. In: Advances in Microbial Physiology., Vol. 79. Elsevier, pp. 163-240., (10.1016/bs.ampbs.2021.09.001)
Murray, D. B. and Lloyd, D. 2021. Multiple rediscoveries and misconceptions; the yeast metabolic oscillation. Function 2(5), article number: zqab039. (10.1093/function/zqab039)
Lloyd, D. 2021. Oscillations, rhythms and synchronized time bases: the key signatures of life. In: Stefanovska, A. and McClintock, P. V. E. eds. Physics of Biological Oscillators, Understanding Complex Systems. Understanding Complex Systems Springer Nature Switzerland AG, pp. 225-244., (10.1007/978-3-030-59805-1_14)

2020

Gilbert, K., Hammond, K. D., Brodsky, V. Y. and Lloyd, D. 2020. An appreciation of the prescience of Don Gilbert (1930‐2011): master of the theory and experimental unraveling of biochemical and cellular oscillatory dynamics. Cell Biology International 44(6), pp. 1283-1298. (10.1002/cbin.11341)
Harris, M. J. et al. 2020. Detection of living cells in stratospheric samples. Presented at: International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, San Diego, CA, US, 29 July - 3 August 2001Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology IV, Vol. 4495. Proceedings SPIE pp. 192-198., (10.1117/12.454758)
Lloyd, D. et al. 2020. Functional imaging of a model unicell: Spironucleus vortens as an anaerobic but aerotolerant flagellated protist. Advances in Microbial Physiology 76, pp. 41-79. (10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.01.002)

2019

Williams, C. F. et al. 2019. Bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri: bacteria respond quickly and sensitively to pulsed microwave electric (but not magnetic) fields. Journal of Biomedical Optics 24(5), article number: 51412. (10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051412)
Groves, L. M. et al. 2019. Fluorescent functionalised naphthalimides and their Au(i)–NHC complexes for potential use in cellular bioimaging. Dalton Transactions 48(5), pp. 1599-1612. (10.1039/C8DT04069A)
Lloyd, D. 2019. Saccharomyces cerevisiae: oscillatory orchestration of growth. In: Advancing Frontiers in Mycology & Mycotechnology: Basic and Applied Aspects of Fungi. Springer, pp. 181-214., (10.1007/978-981-13-9349-5_7)

2018

Lloyd, D., Murray, D. B., Aon, M. A., Cortassa, S., Roussel, M. R., Beckmann, M. and Poole, R. K. 2018. Temporal metabolic partitioning of the yeast and protist cellular networks: the cell is a global scale-invariant (fractal or self-similar) multioscillator. Journal of Biomedical Optics 24(5), article number: 51404. (10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051404)
Kembro, J. M., Cortassa, S., Lloyd, D., Sollott, S. J. and Aon, M. A. 2018. Mitochondrial chaotic dynamics: redox-energetic behavior at the edge of stability.. Scientific Reports 8, article number: 15422. (10.1038/s41598-018-33582-w)
Hallett, A. J. et al. 2018. Exploring the cellular uptake and localisation of phosphorescent rhenium fac-tricarbonyl metallosurfactants as a function of lipophilicity. Dalton Transactions 47(40), pp. 14241-14253. (10.1039/C8DT00669E)
vanKeulen, H., Lloyd, D., Yarlett, N. and Paget, T. 2018. In memoriam: Edward Jarroll (1948-2017). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 65(3), pp. 432-433. (10.1111/jeu.12486)

2017

Langdon-Jones, E. E. et al. 2017. Luminescent 1,8-Naphthalimide-Derived ReI Complexes: syntheses, spectroscopy, X-ray structure and preliminary bioimaging in fission yeast cells. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2017(44), pp. 5279-5287. (10.1002/ejic.201700549)
Kurz, F. T., Kembro, J. M., Flesia, A. G., Armoundas, A. A., Cortassa, S., Aon, M. A. and Lloyd, D. 2017. Network dynamics: quantitative analysis of complex behavior in metabolism, organelles, and cells, from experiments to models and back. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine 9(1), article number: e1352. (10.1002/wsbm.1352)
Pope, S. J. A., Langdon-Jones, E., Jones, A., Williams, C. F., Hayes, A. J., Lloyd, D. and Mottram, H. J. 2017. Anticancer, azonafide-inspired fluorescent ligands and their rhenium(I) complexes for cellular imaging. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2017(3), pp. 759-766. (10.1002/ejic.201601271)

2016

Williams, C. F. et al. 2016. What the deep sea can tell us about microwaves. Presented at: International Microwave Symposium IMS, San Francisco, California, 22-27 May 2016Microwave Symposium (IMS), 2016 IEEE MTT-S International. IEEE, (10.1109/MWSYM.2016.7540432)
Williams, C. F., Geroni, G. M., Pirog, A., Lloyd, D., Lees, J. and Porch, A. 2016. The separated electric and magnetic field responses of luminescent bacteria exposed to pulsed microwave irradiation. Applied Physics Letters 109(9), article number: 93701. (10.1063/1.4961970)
Lloyd, D. 2016. Biological timekeeping: the business of a blind watchmaker. Science Progress 99(2), pp. 113-132. (10.3184/003685016X14606334006008)
Williams, C. F. et al. 2016. The redox-active drug metronidazole and thiol-depleting garlic compounds act synergistically in the protist parasite Spironucleus vortens. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 206(1-2), pp. 20-28. (10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.03.001)

2015

Lloyd, D. and Williams, C. F. 2015. Avoid excessive oxygen levels in experiments with organisms, tissues and cells.. Advances in Microbial Physiology 67, pp. 293--314. (10.1016/bs.ampbs.2015.09.001)
Stacey, O. J. et al. 2015. Water soluble, cyclometalated Pt(II)–Ln(III) conjugates towards novel bimodal imaging agents. Chemical Communications 51(61), pp. 12305-12308. (10.1039/C5CC02623G)
Langdon-Jones, E. E. et al. 2015. Alkynyl-naphthalimide fluorophores: gold coordination chemistry and cellular imaging applications. Inorganic Chemistry 54(13), pp. 6606-6615., article number: 150618152106000. (10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00954)
Lloyd, D. and Williams, C. F. 2015. New tunes from the heart. Biophysical Journal 108(8), pp. 1841-1842. (10.1016/j.bpj.2015.01.041)
Lloyd, D. 2015. Alfred Russel Wallace: Self-educated genius and polymath. In: Luttge, U. and Beyschlag, W. eds. Progress in Botany., Vol. 76. Springer, pp. 43--74., (10.1007/978-3-319-08807-5_2)
Lloyd, D., Lewis, I. B., Williams, C. F., Hayes, A. J., Symons, H. and Hill, E. C. 2015. Motility of the diplomonad fish parasite Spironucleus vortens through thixotropic solid media. Microbiology 161(1), pp. 213-218. (10.1099/mic.0.082529-0)
Wickramasinghe, N., Wainwright, M., Narlikar, J., Rajaratnam, P., Harris, M. and Lloyd, D. 2015. Progress towards the vindication of panspermia. In: Vindication of Cosmic Biology Tribute to Sir Fred Hoyle (1915–2001). World Scientific, pp. 265-277., (10.1142/9789814675260_0021)

2014

Lloyd, D. 2014. Encystment in Acanthamoeba castellanii: a review. Experimental Parasitology 145, pp. 20-27. (10.1016/j.exppara.2014.03.026)
Lloyd, D. and Williams, C. F. 2014. Comparative biochemistry of Giardia, Hexamita and Spironucleus: Enigmatic diplomonads. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 197(1-2), pp. 43-49. (10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.10.002)
Williams, C. F., Yarlett, N., Aon, M. A. and Lloyd, D. 2014. Antioxidant defences of Spironucleus vortens: Glutathione is the major non-protein thiol. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 196(1), pp. 45-52. (10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.07.010)
Langdon-Jones, E. E. et al. 2014. Fluorescent rhenium-naphthalimide conjugates as cellular imaging agents. Inorganic Chemistry 53(7), pp. 3788-3797. (10.1021/ic500142z)
Lloyd, D. et al. 2014. Intracellular oxygen: similar results from two methods of measurement using Phosphorescent nanoparticles. Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 7(2), article number: 1350041. (10.1142/S1793545813500417)
Aon, M. A., Lloyd, D. and Saks, V. 2014. From physiology, genomes, systems, and self-organization to systems biology: the historical roots of a twenty-first century approach to complexity. In: Aon, M. A., Saks, V. and Schlattner, U. eds. Systems Biology of Metabolic and Signaling Networks: Energy, Mass and Information Transfer., Vol. 16. Springer Series in Biophysics Springer, pp. 3-17., (10.1007/978-3-642-38505-6_1)
Puk, K., Guz, L. and Lloyd, D. 2014. Effects of medical plant extracts on the growth of the fish parasite Spironucleus vortens. Medycyna weterynaryjna 70(3), pp. 165-168.

2013

Millet, C. O. M., Williams, C. F., Hayes, A. J., Hann, A. C., Cable, J. and Lloyd, D. 2013. Mitochondria-derived organelles in the diplomonad fish parasite Spironucleus vortens. Experimental Parasitology 135(2), pp. 262-273. (10.1016/j.exppara.2013.07.003)
Williams, C. F., Millet, C. O., Hayes, A. J., Cable, J. and Lloyd, D. 2013. Diversity in mitochondrion-derived organelles of the parasitic diplomonads Spironucleus and Giardia. Trends in Parasitology 29(7), pp. 311-312. (10.1016/j.pt.2013.04.004)
Williams, C. F., Vacca, A. R., Lloyd, D., Schelkle, B. and Cable, J. 2013. Non-invasive investigation of Spironucleus vortens transmission in freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 105(3), pp. 211-223. (10.3354/dao02618)
Amariei, C. et al. 2013. The dynamics of cellular energetics during continuous yeast culture. Presented at: 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Osaka, Japan, 3-7 July 2013Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE. IEEE pp. 2708-2711., (10.1109/EMBC.2013.6610099)
Leitsch, D., Williams, C. F., Lloyd, D. and Duchêne, M. 2013. Unexpected properties of NADP-dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-1) in Trichomonas vaginalis and other microaerophilic parasites. Experimental Parasitology 134(3), pp. 374-380. (10.1016/j.exppara.2013.03.034)

2012

Williams, C. F. et al. 2012. Disrupted intracellular redox balance of the diplomonad fish parasite Spironucleus vortens by 5-nitroimidazoles and garlic-derived compounds. Veterinary Parasitology 190(1-2), pp. 62-73. (10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.05.011)
Williams, C. and Lloyd, D. 2012. Composition and antimicrobial properties of sulphur-containing constituents of Garlic (Allium Sativum). In: Valgimigli, L. ed. Essential oils as natural food additives: Composition, applications, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Nova Science Publishers, pp. 287-304.
Lloyd, D., Coogan, M. P. and Pope, S. J. 2012. Novel metal-based luminophores for biological imaging. In: Geddes, C. D. ed. Reviews in Fluorescence 2010. Reviews in Fluorescence Vol. 7. New York: Springer, pp. 15-44., (10.1007/978-1-4419-9828-6_2)
Williams, C. F., Kombrabail, M., Vijayalakshmi, K., White, N., Krishnamoorthy, G. and Lloyd, D. 2012. Evaluation of two novel methods for assessing intracellular oxygen. Measurement Science and Technology 23(8), article number: 84005. (10.1088/0957-0233/23/8/084005)
Sasidharan, K., Tomita, M., Aon, M., Lloyd, D. and Murray, D. B. 2012. Time-Structure of the yeast metabolism in vivo. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 736, pp. 359-379. (10.1007/978-1-4419-7210-1_21)
Lloyd, D., Cortassa, S., O'Rourke, B. and Aon, M. A. 2012. What yeast and cardiomyocytes share: ultradian oscillatory redox mechanisms of cellular coherence and survival. Integrative Biology 4(1), pp. 65-74. (10.1039/c1ib00124h)

2011

Cortassa, S., Aon, M. A., Iglesias, A. A., Aon, J. C. and Lloyd, D. 2011. An introduction to metabolic and cellular engineering, second edition. World Scientific. (10.1142/8225)
Stanley, B. A. et al. 2011. Thioredoxin reductase-2 is essential for keeping low levels of H(2)O(2) emission from isolated heart mitochondria. Journal of Biological Chemistry 286(38), pp. 33669-33677. (10.1074/jbc.M111.284612)
Lloyd, D. 2011. Yeast harmony. New scientist 211(2821), pp. 28. (10.1016/S0262-4079(11)61696-5)
McKay, P. et al. 2011. Identification of plasmepsin inhibitors as selective anti-malarial agents using ligand based drug design. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 21(11), pp. 3335-3341. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.015)
Millet, C. O., Lloyd, D., Williams, C. F., Williams, D., Evans, G., Saunders, R. and Cable, J. 2011. Effect of garlic and allium-derived products on the growth and metabolism of Spironucleus vortens. Experimental Parasitology 127(2), pp. 490-499. (10.1016/j.exppara.2010.10.001)
Stanley, B. A. et al. 2011. Thioredoxin Reductase-2 Is Essential for Keeping Low Levels of H2O2 Emission from Isolated Heart Mitochondria. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 286(38), pp. 33669-33677. (10.1074/jbc.M111.284612)
Millet, C. O., Lloyd, D., Coogan, M. P., Randall, J. and Cable, J. 2011. Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism of Spironucleus vortens. Experimental Parasitology 129(1), pp. 17-26. (10.1016/j.exppara.2011.05.025)
Thorp-Greenwood, F. L. et al. 2011. A 'Sleeping Trojan Horse' which transports metal ions into cells, localises in nucleoli, and has potential for bimodal fluorescence/PET imaging. Chemical Communications 47(11), pp. 3096-3098. (10.1039/c1cc10141b)
Williams, C. F., Lloyd, D., Poynton, S. L., Jorgensen, A., Millet, C. O. and Cable, J. 2011. Spironucleus species: economically-important fish pathogens and enigmatic single-celled eukaryotes. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development(S2), article number: 2. (10.4172/2155-9546.S2-002)
Millet, C. O., Lloyd, D., Williams, C. F. and Cable, J. 2011. In vitro culture of the diplomonad fish parasite Spironucleus vortens reveals unusually fast doubling time and atypical biphasic growth. Journal of Fish Diseases 34(1), pp. 71-73. (10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01213.x)

2010

Coogan, M. P. et al. 2010. Probing intracellular oxygen by quenched phosphorescence lifetimes of nanoparticles containing polyacrylamide-embedded [Ru(dpp(SO3Na)2)3]Cl2. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences 9(1), pp. 103-109. (10.1039/b9pp00071b)
Fernández-Moreira, V. et al. 2010. Uptake and localisation of rhenium fac-tricarbonyl polypyridyls in fluorescent cell imaging experiments. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry 8(17), pp. 3888-3901. (10.1039/c004610h)
Millet, C. O., Cable, J. and Lloyd, D. 2010. The diplomonad fish parasite Spironucleus vortens produces hydrogen. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 57(5), pp. 400-404. (10.1111/j.1550-7408.2010.00499.x)
Lloyd, D., Wimpenny, J. and Venables, W. A. 2010. Alfred Russel Wallace deserves better. Journal of Biosciences 35(3), pp. 339-349. (10.1007/s12038-010-0039-x)

2009

Guschina, I., Harris, K. M., Maskrey, B., Goldberg, B., Lloyd, D. and Harwood, J. 2009. The microaerophilic flagellate, Trichomonas vaginalis, contains unusual acyl lipids but no detectable cardiolipin. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 56(1), pp. 52-57. (10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00365.x)
Lloyd, D. 2009. Respiratory oscillations in yeasts. In: Maroto, M. and Monk, N. A. M. eds. Cellular Oscillatory Mechanisms. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Vol. 641. New York: Springer, pp. 118-140., (10.1007/978-0-387-09794-7_9)
Lloyd, D. 2009. Oscillations, synchrony and deterministic chaos. In: Lüttge, U. et al. eds. Progress in Botany., Vol. 70. Progress in Botany Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 69-91., (10.1007/978-3-540-68421-3_4)

2008

Khalil, E. F., Whitmore, T. N., Gamal-El-Din, H., El-Bassel, A. and Lloyd, D. 2008. The effects of pesticides on anaerobic digestion processes. Environmental Technology 12(6), pp. 471-475. (10.1080/09593339109385032)
Hughes, D. E., Wimpenny, J. W. T. and Lloyd, D. 2008. The disintegration of micro-organisms. In: Norris, J. R. and Ribbons, D. W. eds. Methods in Microbiology., Vol. 5 B. Vol. PART B. London and New York: Academic Press, pp. 1-54., (10.1016/S0580-9517(08)70639-1)
Allman, R., Hann, A. C., Manchee, R. and Lloyd, D. 2008. Characterization of bacteria by multiparameter flow cytometry. JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 73(5), pp. 438--444. (10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb05001.x)
Gray, V. L., Müller, C. T., Watkins, I. D. and Lloyd, D. 2008. Peptones from diverse sources: pivotal determinants of bacterial growth dynamics. Journal of Applied Microbiology 104(2), pp. 554-565. (10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03577.x)
Amoroso, A. J. et al. 2008. 3-Chloromethylpyridyl bipyridine fac-tricarbonyl rhenium: a thiol-reactive luminophore for fluorescence microscopy accumulates in mitochondria. New Journal of Chemistry 32(7), pp. 1097-1102. (10.1039/b802215a)
Aon, M. A., Roussel, M. R., Cortassa, S., O'Rourke, B., Murray, D. B., Beckmann, M. and Lloyd, D. 2008. The scale-free dynamics of eukaryotic cells. PLoS ONE 3(11) (10.1371/journal.pone.0003624)
Lloyd, D. 2008. Biological time is fractal: early events reverberate over a life time. Journal of Biosciences 33(1), pp. 9-19. (10.1007/s12038-008-0017-8)
Lloyd, D. and Rossi, E. L. 2008. Epilogue: a new vision of life. In: Lloyd, D. and Rossi, E. L. eds. Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind. Springer, pp. 431., (10.1007/978-1-4020-8352-5_18)
Brodsky, V. Y. and Lloyd, D. 2008. Self-organized intracellular ultradian rhythms provide direct cell-cell communication. In: Lloyd, D. and Rossi, E. L. eds. Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind: A New Vision of Life., Vol. I. The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 85-104., (10.1007/978-1-4020-8352-5_3)
Lloyd, D., Murray, D. B., Klevecz, R. R., Wolf, J. and Kuriyama, H. 2008. The ultradian clock (~40 min) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In: Lloyd, D. and Rossi, E. L. eds. Ultradian Rhythms from Molecules to Mind: A New Vision of Life., Vol. I. Netherlands: Springer, pp. 11-42., (10.1007/978-1-4020-8352-5_1)
Lloyd, D. 2008. Respiratory oscillations in yeasts. In: Maroto, M. and Monk, N. A. M. eds. Cellular Oscillatory Mechanisms., Vol. 641. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology New York, NY: Springer, pp. 118-140., (10.1007/978-0-387-09794-7_9)
Lloyd, D. and Rossi, E. eds. 2008. Ultradian rhythms from molecules to mind: a new vision of life. Springer.

2004

Beckmann, M., Sheppard, S. K. and Lloyd, D. 2004. Mass spectrometric monitoring of gas dynamics in peat monoliths: effects of temperature and diurnal cycles on emissions. Atmospheric Environment 38(39), pp. 6907-6913. (10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.08.004)
Lloyd, D. 2004. 'Anaerobic protists': some misconceptions and confusions.. Microbiology 150(Pt 5), pp. 1115--1116. (10.1099/mic.0.26802-0)
Pooley, D. T., Larsson, J., Jones, G., Rayner-Brandes, M. H., Lloyd, D., Gibson, C. and Stewart, W. R. 2004. Continuous culture of photobacterium. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 19(11), pp. 1457-1463. (10.1016/j.bios.2003.09.003)
Turner, N. A., Russell, A. D., Furr, J. R. and Lloyd, D. 2004. Resistance, biguanide sorption and biguanide-induced pentose leakage during encystment of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Journal of Applied Microbiology 96(6), pp. 1287-1995. (10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02260.x)
Lloyd, D. 2004. ‘Anaerobic protists’: some misconceptions and confusions. Microbiology 150(5), pp. 1115--1116. (10.1099/mic.0.26802-0)
Lloyd, D. et al. 2004. The plasma membrane of microaerophilic protists: oxidative and nitrosative stress.. Microbiology 150(Pt 5), pp. 1183--1190. (10.1099/mic.0.26834-0)
Paget, T., Maroulis, S., Mitchell, A., Edwards, M. R., Jarroll, E. L. and Lloyd, D. 2004. Menadione kills trophozoites and cysts of Giardia intestinalis. Microbiology 150(5), pp. 1231--1236. (10.1099/mic.0.26836-0)

2003

Lloyd, D., Lloyd, A. L. and Olsen, L. F. 2003. The cell division cycle: a physiologically plausible dynamic model can exhibit chaotic solutions.. BioSystems 27(1), pp. 17-24. (10.1016/0303-2647(92)90043-X)
Lloyd, D. and Volkov, E. I. 2003. Quantized cell cycle times: interaction between a relaxation oscillator and ultradian clock pulses.. BioSystems 23(4), pp. 305-310. (10.1016/0303-2647(90)90012-p)
Gray, N. D., Hastings, R. C., Sheppard, S. K., Loughnane, P., Lloyd, D., McCarthy, A. J. and Head, I. M. 2003. Effects of soil improvement treatments on bacterial community structure and soil processes in an upland grassland soil. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 46(1), pp. 11-22. (10.1016/S0168-6496(03)00160-0)
Lloyd, D., Harris, J. C., Maroulis, S., Mitchell, A., Hughes, M. N., Wadley, R. B. and Edwards, M. R. 2003. Nitrosative stress induced cytotoxicity in Giardia intestinalis. Journal of Applied Microbiology 95(3), pp. 576-583. (10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02008.x)
Narlikar, J. et al. 2003. A balloon experiment to detect microorganisms in the outer space. Astrophysics and Space Science 285(2), pp. 555--562. (10.1023/A:1025442021619)
Lloyd, D., Lemar, K. M., Salgado, L. E. J., Gould, T. M. and Murray, D. B. 2003. Respiratory oscillations in yeast: mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and time; a hypothesis. FEMS Yeast Research 3(4), pp. 333-339. (10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00071-0)
Adams, C. A., Kuriyama, H., Lloyd, D. and Murray, D. B. 2003. The Gts1 protein stabilizes the autonomous oscillator in yeast. Yeast 20(6), pp. 463-470. (10.1002/yea.976)
Biagini, G. A. et al. 2003. Bacterial-like energy metabolism in the amitochondriate protozoon Hexamita inflata. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 128(1), pp. 11-19. (10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00025-2)
Wickramasinghe, ., Wainwright, M., Narlikar, J., Rajaratnam, P., Harris, M. and Lloyd, D. 2003. Progress towards the vindication of panspermia. Astrophysics and Space Science 283(3), pp. 403--413. (10.1023/A:1021677122937)
Pooley, D. T., Gibson, C., Stewart, W. R., Magee, J., Ellison, B. N. and Lloyd, D. 2003. Biological effects of millimeter-wave radiation: A high-throughput screening system. Review of Scientific Instruments 74(3), pp. 1296-1302. (10.1063/1.1542665)
Lloyd, D. 2003. Effects of uncoupling of mitochondrial energy conservation on the ultradian clock-driven oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae continuous culture. Mitochondrion 3(3), pp. 139-146. (10.1016/j.mito.2003.08.002)
Murray, D. B., Klevecz, R. R. and Lloyd, D. 2003. Generation and maintenance of synchrony in Saccharomyces cerevisiae continuous culture. Experimental Cell Research 287(1), pp. 10-15. (10.1016/S0014-4827(03)00068-5)
Lemar, K. M., Muller, C. T., Plummer, S. and Lloyd, D. 2003. Cell death mechanisms in the human opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 50(s1), pp. 685-686. (10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00687.x)

2002

Rutter, A. J., Thomas, K. L., Herbert, D., Henderson, R. J., Lloyd, D. and Harwood, J. 2002. Oxygen induction of a novel fatty acid n-6 desaturase in the soil protozoon, Acanthamoeba castellanii. Biochemical Journal, pp. 57-67. (10.1042/BJ20020189)
Lloyd, D., Salgado, L. E. J., Turner, M. P., Suller, M. T. E. and Murray, D. 2002. Cycles of mitochondrial energization driven by the ultradian clock in a continuous culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. Microbiology 148(11), pp. 3715-3724. (10.1099/00221287-148-11-3715)
Lemar, K. M., Turner, M. P. and Lloyd, D. 2002. Garlic (Allium sativum) as an anti-Candida agent: a comparison of the efficacy of fresh garlic and freeze-dried extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology 93(3), pp. 398-405. (10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01707.x)
Lloyd, D., Williams, A. S. and James, C. J. 2002. Nitrite inhibits hydrogen production and kills the cattle parasite Tritrichomonas foetus. Journal of Applied Microbiology 93(3), pp. 492-496. (10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01716.x)
Sheppard, S. K. and Lloyd, D. 2002. Effects of soil amendment on gas depth profiles in soil monoliths using direct mass spectrometric measurement. Bioresource Technology 84(1), pp. 39-47. (10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00012-3)
Lloyd, D. 2002. Boiling muds and scalding soils: New species and enzymes for the future. Microbiology Today 29(2), pp. 64-66.
Lloyd, D. et al. 2002. The ‘primitive’microaerophile Giardia intestinalis (syn. lamblia, duodenalis) has specialized membranes with electron transport and membrane-potential-generating functions. Microbiology 148(5), pp. 1349--1354. (10.1099/00221287-148-5-1349)
Lloyd, D. et al. 2002. The "primitive" microaerophile Giardia intestinalis (syn. lamblia, duodenalis) has specialized membranes with electron transport and membrane-potential-generating functions.. Microbiology 148(Pt 5), pp. 1349--1354. (10.1099/00221287-148-5-1349)
Lloyd, D., Eshantha, L., Salgado, J., Turner, M. P. and Murray, D. B. 2002. Respiratory oscillations in yeast: clock-driven mitochondrial cycles of energization. FEBS Letters 519(1-3), pp. 41-44. (10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02704-7)
Lloyd, D., Ralphs, J. R. and Harris, J. C. 2002. Giardia intestinalis, a eukaryote without hydrogenosomes, produces hydrogen.. Microbiology 148(Pt 3), pp. 727--733. (10.1099/00221287-148-3-727)
Lloyd, D. and Harris, J. C. 2002. Giardia: highly evolved parasite or early branching eukaryote?. Trends in Microbiology 10(3), pp. 122-127. (10.1016/S0966-842X(02)02306-5)
Harris, M. et al. 2002. The detection of living cells in stratospheric samples. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4495, pp. 192-198. (10.1117/12.454758)
Sheppard, S. K. and Lloyd, D. 2002. Diurnal oscillations in gas production (O2, CO2, CH4, and N2) in soil monoliths. Biological Rhythm Research 33(5), pp. 577-591. (10.1076/brhm.33.5.577.13937)
Williams, A. G., Noble, J., Tammam, J., Lloyd, D. and Banks, J. M. 2002. Factors affecting the activity of enzymes involved in peptide and amino acid catabolism in non-starter lactic acid bacteria isolated from Cheddar cheese. International Dairy Journal 12(10), pp. 841-852. (10.1016/S0958-6946(02)00063-8)
Lloyd, D. 2002. Noninvasive methods for the investigation of organisms at low oxygen levels. Advances in Applied Microbiology 51, pp. 155-174. (10.1016/S0065-2164(02)51005-4)
Kumar, R. and Lloyd, D. 2002. Recent advances in the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 35(4), pp. 434-441. (10.1086/341487)
Salgado, E., Murray, D. B. and Lloyd, D. 2002. Some antidepressant agents (Li+, monoamine oxidase type A inhibitors) perturb the ultradian clock in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biological Rhythm Research 33(3), pp. 351-361. (10.1076/brhm.33.3.351.8256)
Sheppard, S. K. and Lloyd, D. 2002. Direct mass spectrometric measurement of gases in soil monoliths. Journal of Microbiological Methods 50(2), pp. 175-188. (10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00025-8)
Suller, M. T. E. and Lloyd, D. 2002. The antibacterial activity of vancomycin towards Staphylococcus aureus under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Journal of Applied Microbiology 92(5), pp. 866-872. (10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01594.x)
Lloyd, D., Ralphs, J. R. and Harris, J. C. 2002. Hydrogen production in Giardia intestinalis, a eukaryote with no hydrogenosomes. Trends in Parasitology 18(4), pp. 155-156. (10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02174-2)
Lloyd, D., Thomas, K. L., Cowie, G., Tammam, J. D. and Williams, A. G. 2002. Direct interface of chemistry to microbiological systems: membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Journal of Microbiological Methods 48(2-3), pp. 289-302. (10.1016/S0167-7012(01)00331-1)
Harris, M. J. et al. 2002. Detection of living cells in stratospheric samples. Presented at: Instruments, methods, and missions for astrobiology IV, San Diego, CA, 29-30 July 2001 Presented at Hoover, R. B. et al. eds.Instruments, methods, and missions for astrobiology IV : 29-30 July, 2001, San Diego, [California] USA. SPIE Proceedings Series Vol. 4495. Bellingham, WA: Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers pp. 192-198., (10.1117/12.454758)
Wickramasinghe, N. C., Lloyd, D. and Wickramasinghe, J. T. 2002. Evidence of photoluminescence of biomaterial in space. Presented at: Instruments, methods, and missions for astrobiology IV, San Diego, CA, 29-30 July 2001 Presented at Hoover, R. B. et al. eds.Instruments, methods, and missions for astrobiology IV : 29-30 July, 2001, San Diego, [California] USA. SPIE Proceedings Series Vol. 4495. Bellingham, WA: Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers pp. 255-260., (10.1117/12.454762)
Lane, S. and Lloyd, D. 2002. Current trends in research into the waterborne parasite Giardia. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 28(2), pp. 123--147. (10.1080/1040-840291046713)
Lloyd, D. et al. 2002. Detection of extraterrestial life in stratospheric samples. Presented at: The Multi Colour Universe TIFR 2001, Mumbai, 11 - 14 September, 2001Proceedings of the International Conference, Sep 7-10, 2001. TIFR pp. 367-374.

2001

Beckmann, M. and Lloyd, D. 2001. Mass spectrometric monitoring of gases (CO2, CH4, O2) in a mesotrophic peat core from Kopparås Mire, Sweden. Global Change Biology 7(2), pp. 171--180. (10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00396.x)
Biagini, G., Park, J., Lloyd, D. and Edwards, M. 2001. The antioxidant potential of pyruvate in the amitochondriate diplomonads Giardia intestinalis and Hexamita inflata. Microbiology 147(12), pp. 3359--3365. (10.1099/00221287-147-12-3359)
Murray, D. B., Roller, S., Kuriyama, H. and Lloyd, D. 2001. Clock control of ultradian respiratory oscillation found during yeast continuous culture. Journal of Bacteriology 183(24), pp. 7253-7259. (10.1128/JB.183.24.7253-7259.2001)
Harris, J., Plummer, S. and Lloyd, D. 2001. Antigiardial drugs. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 57(5-6), pp. 614-619. (10.1007/s002530100720)
Harris, J. C., Cottrell, S., Plummer, S. and Lloyd, D. 2001. Antimicrobial properties of Allium sativum (garlic). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 57(3), pp. 282-286. (10.1007/s002530100722)
Connell, C., Rutter, A., Hill, B., Suller, M. and Lloyd, D. 2001. Encystation of Acanthamoeba castellanii: dye uptake for assessment by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Journal of Applied Microbiology 90(5), pp. 706-712. (10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01296.x)
Lloyd, D., Aon, M. A. and Cortassa, S. 2001. Why homeodynamics, not homeostasis?. Scientific World Journal 1, pp. 133--145. (10.1100/tsw.2001.20)
Tammam, J. D., Williams, A., Banks, J., Cowie, G. and Lloyd, D. 2001. Membrane inlet mass spectrometric measurement of O2 and CO2 gradients in cultures of Lactobacillus paracasei and a developing Cheddar cheese ecosystem. International Journal of Food Microbiology 65(1-2), pp. 11-22. (10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00438-4)
Peters, A., Mortlock, M., Griffith, C. and Lloyd, D. 2001. Evaluating impact of food safety control on retail butchers. In: Hooker, N. H. and Murano, E. A. eds. Interdisciplinary Food Safety Research. Contemporary Food Science Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 175-198.
Lloyd, D. and Wallis, P. 2001. A Giardia feast. Trends in Parasitology 17(3), pp. 115-117. (10.1016/S1471-4922(00)01873-0)
Goldberg, B., Rattendi, D., Lloyd, D., Sufrin, J. R. and Bacchi, C. J. 2001. In situ kinetic characterization of methylthioadenosine transport by the adenosine transporter (P2) of the African Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Biochemical Pharmacology 61(4), pp. 449-457. (10.1016/S0006-2952(00)00560-8)
Lloyd, D., Turner, N. A., Khunkitti, W., Hann, A. C., Furr, J. R. and Russell, A. D. 2001. Encystation in Acanthamoeba castellanii: development of biocide resistance.. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 48(1), pp. 11-16. (10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00410.x)
Morgan, J., Joyce-Menekse, M. E., Rowlands, R. T., Gilbert, I. H. and Lloyd, D. 2001. Rapid and sensitive quantitation of antibiotics in fermentations by electrospray mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 15(14), pp. 1229-1238. (10.1002/rcm.368)
Cross, R., Lloyd, D., Poole, R. K. and Moir, J. W. B. 2001. Enzymatic removal of nitric oxide catalyzed by cytochrome c' in rhodobacter capsulatus. Journal of Bacteriology 183(10), pp. 3050-3054. (10.1128/JB.183.10.3050-3054.2001)
Beckmann, M. and Lloyd, D. 2001. Mass spectrometric monitoring of gases (CO2', CH4', O2) in a mesotrophic peat core from Kopparas Mire, Sweden. Global Change Biology 7(2), pp. 171-180. (10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00396.x)
Beckmann, M. and Lloyd, D. 2001. Extraction and identification of volatile organic substances (VOS) from Scottish peat cores. Atmospheric Environment 35(1), pp. 79-86. (10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00290-9)

2000

Harris, J. C., Plummer, S., Turner, M. P. and Lloyd, D. 2000. The microaerophilic flagellate Giardia intestinalis: Allium sativum (garlic) is an effective antigiardial.. Microbiology 146(12), pp. 3119--3127. (10.1099/00221287-146-12-3119)
Lloyd, D., Harris, J. C., Maroulis, S., Biagini, G. A., Wadley, R. B., Turner, M. P. and Edwards, M. R. 2000. The microaerophilic flagellate Giardia intestinalis: oxygen and its reaction products collapse membrane potential and cause cytotoxicity. Microbiology 146(12), pp. 3109--3118. (10.1099/00221287-146-12-3109)
Upton, M., Hill, B., Edwards, C., Saunders, J. R., Ritchie, D. A. and Lloyd, D. 2000. Combined molecular ecological and confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of peat bog methanogen populations. FEMS Microbiology Letters 193(2), pp. 275-281. (10.1016/S0378-1097(00)00496-1)
Biagini, G. A., Lloyd, D., Kirk, K. and Edwards, M. R. 2000. The membrane potential of Giardia intestinalis. FEMS Microbiology Letters 192(1), pp. 153-157. (10.1016/S0378-1097(00)00418-3)
Turner, N. A., Russell, A. D., Furr, J. R. and Lloyd, D. 2000. Emergence of resistance to biocides during differentiation of Acanthamoeba castellanii.. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 46(1), pp. 27--34. (10.1093/jac/46.1.27)
Tammam, J. D., Williams, A. G., Noble, J. and Lloyd, D. 2000. Amino acid fermentation in non-starter Lactobacillus spp. isolated from cheddar cheese.. Lett Appl Microbiol 30(5), pp. 370--374. (10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00727.x)
Tammam, J., Williams, A., Noble, J. and Lloyd, D. 2000. Amino acid fermentation in non-starter Lactobacillus spp. isolated from Cheddar cheese. Letters in Applied Microbiology 30(5), pp. 370--374. (10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00727.x)
Lopez-Amoros, R., Mason, D. and Lloyd, D. 2000. Use of two oxonols and a fluorescent tetrazolium dye to monitor starvation of Escherichia coli in seawater by flow cytometry. Journal of Microbiological Methods 22(2), pp. 165--176. (10.1016/0167-7012(94)00073-G)
Turner, N. A., Harris, J., Russell, A. D. and Lloyd, D. 2000. Microbial differentiation and changes in susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Journal of Applied Microbiology 89(5), pp. 751-759. (10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01176.x)
Gilbert, D. and Lloyd, D. 2000. The living cell: a complex autodynamic multi-oscillator system?. Cell Biology International 24(8), pp. 569-580. (10.1006/cbir.2000.0571)
Aon, M. A., Cortassa, S. and Lloyd, D. 2000. Chaotic dynamics and fractal space in biochemistry: simplicity underlies complexity. Cell Biology International 24(8), pp. 581-587. (10.1006/cbir.2000.0572)
Goldberg, B., Rattendi, D., Lloyd, D., Yarlett, N. and Bacchi, C. J. 2000. Kinetics of methionine transport and metabolism by Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 377(1), pp. 49-57. (10.1006/abbi.2000.1740)
Harding, C. L., Lloyd, D., McFarlane, C. M. and Al-Rubeai, M. 2000. Using the microcyte flow cytometer to monitor cell number, viability, and apoptosis in mammalian cell culture. Biotechnology Progress 16(5), pp. 800-802. (10.1021/bp0000813)
Lloyd, D. and Murray, D. B. 2000. Redox cycling of intracellular thiols: State variables for ultradian, cell division cycle and circadian cycles?. In: Driessche, T. V., Guisset, J. and Petiau-de Vries, G. M. eds. The Redox State and Circadian Rhythms. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 85-94., (10.1007/978-94-015-9556-8_5)

1999

Lloyd, D. 1999. Microbial ecology. How to avoid oxygen. Science Magazine 286(5438), pp. 249. (10.1126/science.286.5438.249)
Murray, D. B., Engelen, F., Lloyd, D. and Kuriyama, H. 1999. Involvement of glutathione in the regulation of respiratory oscillation during a continuous culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. Microbiology 145 (, pp. 2739--2745. (10.1099/00221287-145-10-2739)
Chapman, A., Linstead, D. J. and Lloyd, D. 1999. Hydrogen peroxide is a product of oxygen consumption by Trichomonas vaginalis. Journal of Biosciences 24(3), pp. 339--344. (10.1007/BF02941248)
Lloyd, D. 1999. Flow cytometry of yeasts. Current protocols in cytometry 9(1), pp. 11--10. (10.1002/0471142956.cy1110s09)
Lloyd, D. 1999. Flow cytometry of yeasts.. Current Protocols in Cytometry 9(1), pp. 11.10.1-11.10.8. (10.1002/0471142956.cy1110s09)
Cartaxana, P. and Lloyd, D. 1999. N2, N2O and O2profiles in a Tagus estuary salt marsh. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 48(6), pp. 751--756.
Dinsdale, M. G., Lloyd, D., McIntyre, P. and Jarvis, B. 1999. Yeast vitality during cider fermentation: assessment by energy metabolism.. Yeast 15(4), pp. 285--293. (10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(19990315)15:4<285::AID-YEA376>3.0.CO;2-2)
Goldberg, B., Rattendi, D., Lloyd, D., Yarlett, N. and Bacchi, C. J. 1999. Kinetics of S-adenosylmethionine cellular transport and protein methylation in Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 364(1), pp. 13--18. (10.1006/abbi.1999.1098)
Nercessian, D., Upton, M., Lloyd, D. and Edwards, C. 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of peat bog methanogen populations. FEMS Microbiology Letters 173(2), pp. 425--429. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13534.x)
Khunkitti, W., Hann, A. C., Lloyd, D., Furr, J. R. and Russell, A. D. 1999. X-ray microanalysis of chlorine and phosphorus content in biguanide-treated Acanthamoeba castellanii.. Journal of Applied Microbiology 86(3), pp. 453-459. (10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00683.x)
Kim, S. O., Orii, Y., Lloyd, D., Hughes, M. N. and Poole, R. K. 1999. Anoxic function for the Escherichia coli flavohaemoglobin (Hmp): Reversible binding of nitric oxide and reduction to nitrous oxide. FEBS Letters 445(2-3), pp. 389-394. (10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00157-X)
Suller, M. T. and Lloyd, D. 1999. Fluorescence monitoring of antibiotic-induced bacterial damage using flow cytometry.. Cytometry Part A 35(3), pp. 235--241. (10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19990301)35:3<235::aid-cyto6>3.0.co;2-0)
Turner, N. A., Russell, A. D., Furrand, J. R. and Lloyd, D. 1999. Acanthamoeba spp., antimicrobial agents and contact lenses. Science Progress 82(1), pp. 1-8. (10.1177/003685049908200101)
Cowie, G. and Lloyd, D. 1999. Membrane inlet ion trap mass spectrometry for the direct measurement of dissolved gases in ecological samples.. Journal of Microbiological Methods 35(1), pp. 1--12. (10.1016/s0167-7012(98)00090-6)
Lloyd, D., Hayes, A. J. and Ralphs, J. R. 1999. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of environmental samples. In: Edwards, C. ed. Environmental Monitoring of Bacteria., Vol. 12. USA: Springer, pp. 251-265., (10.1385/0-89603-566-2:251)
Williams, I. et al. 1999. Flow cytometry and other techniques show that Staphylococcus aureus undergoes significant physiological changes in the early stages of surface-attached culture. Microbiology 145(6), pp. 1325-1333. (10.1099/13500872-145-6-1325)
Arthurs, C. E. and Lloyd, D. 1999. Kinetics, stereospecificity, and expression of the Malolactic enzyme.. Appl Environ Microbiol 65(8), pp. 3360--3363.
Wickramasinghe, N. C., Hoyle, F. and Lloyd, D. 1999. Eruptions of comet hale-bopp at 6.5 AU. Astrophysics and Space Science 268, pp. 373-378. (10.1023/A:1002409423674)

1998

Humphreys, M., Ralphs, J., Durrant, L. and Lloyd, D. 1998. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of trichomonads: Hydrogenosomes store calcium and show a membrane potential. European Journal of Protistology 34(4), pp. 356-362. (10.1016/S0932-4739(98)80003-5)
Lloyd, D., Thomas, K. L., Benstead, J., Davies, K. L., Lloyd, S. H., Arah, J. R. M. and Stephen, K. D. 1998. Methanogenesis and CO2 exchange in an ombrotrophic peat bog. Atmospheric Environment 32(19), pp. 3229--3238. (10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00481-0)
Rees, E. M., Lloyd, D. and Williams, A. G. 1998. The effects of differing concentrations of CO2 and O2 on the fermentative metabolism of the rumen fungi Neocallimastix patriciarum and Neocallimastix frontalis L2. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44(9), pp. 819--824. (10.1139/w98-080)
Biagini, G., Finlay, B. and Lloyd, D. 1998. Protozoan stimulation of anaerobic microbial activity: enhancement of the rate of terminal decomposition of organic matter. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 27(1), pp. 1--8. (10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb00520.x)
Murray, D. B., Engelen, F. A. A., Keulers, M., Kuriyama, H. and Lloyd, D. 1998. NO+, but not NO⋅, inhibits respiratory oscillations in ethanol‐grown chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Letters 431(2), pp. 297-299. (10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00777-7)
Narlikar, J. V. et al. 1998. Search for living cells in stratospheric samples. Presented at: SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, 19-24 Jul 1998 Presented at Hoover, R. B. ed.Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology, Vol. 3441. Proceedings Bellingham, WA: Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) pp. 301-305., (10.1117/12.319844)
Goldberg, B., Rattendi, D., Lloyd, D., Sufrin, J. R. and Bacchi, C. J. 1998. Effects of intermediates of methionine metabolism and nucleoside analogs on S-adenosylmethionine transport by Trypanosoma brucei brucei and a drug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.. Biochemical Pharmacology 56(1), pp. 95-103. (10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00118-X)
Thomas, K. K., Benstead, J. J., Lloyd, S. S. and Lloyd, D. D. 1998. Diurnal oscillations of gas production and effluxes (CO2 and CH4) in cores from a peat bog. Biological Rhythm Research 29(3), pp. 247--259. (10.1076/brhm.29.3.247.1442)
Thomas, K., Rutter, A., Suller, M., Harwood, J. and Lloyd, D. 1998. Oxygen induces fatty acid (n-6)-desaturation independently of temperature in Acanthamoeba castellanii.. FEBS Letters 425(1), pp. 171--174. (10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00218-x)
Biagini, G. A., Rutter, A. J., Finlay, B. J. and Lloyd, D. 1998. Lipids and lipid metabolism in the microaerobic free-living diplomonad Hexamita sp.. European Journal of Protistology 34(2), pp. 148--152. (10.1016/S0932-4739(98)80025-4)
Lloyd, D. and Biaginit, G. A. 1998. Too much O2?. Microbiology 144, pp. 1131. (10.1099/00221287-144-5-1131)
Suller, M. T. and Lloyd, D. 1998. Flow cytometric assessment of the postantibiotic effect of methicillin on Staphylococcus aureus.. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42(5), pp. 1195--1199. (10.1128/AAC.42.5.1195)
Edlin, D., Narbad, A., Gasson, M., Dickinson, J. and Lloyd, D. 1998. Purification and characterization of hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase from Brettanomyces anomalus. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 22(4), pp. 232--239. (10.1016/S0141-0229(97)00169-5)
Khunkitti, W., Hann, A. C., Lloyd, D., Furr, J. R. and Russell, A. D. 1998. Biguanide-induced changes in Acanthamoeba castellanii: an electron microscopic study.. Journal of Applied Microbiology 84(1), pp. 53-62. (10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00305.x)
Khunkitti, W., Lloyd, D., Furr, J. R. and Russell, A. D. 1998. Acanthamoeba castellanii: growth, encystment, excystment and biocide susceptibility.. Journal of Infection 36(1), pp. 43--48. (10.1016/s0163-4453(98)93054-7)
Biagini, G. A., McIntyre, P. S., Finlay, B. J. and Lloyd, D. 1998. Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Fermentation in the Free-Living Primitive Protozoon Hexamita sp.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64(1), pp. 203--207. (10.1128/aem.64.1.203-207.1998)
Lloyd, D. 1998. Circadian and ultradian clock-controlled rhythms in unicellular microorganisms.. Advances in Microbial Physiology 39, pp. 291--338. (10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60019-3)
Lloyd, D. et al. 1998. Micro-ecology of peat: minimally invasive analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy, membrane inlet mass spectrometry and PCR amplification of methanogen-specific gene sequences. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 25(2), pp. 179-188. (10.1016/S0168-6496(97)00094-9)

1997

Turner, N. A., Biagini, G. A. and Lloyd, D. 1997. Anaerobiosis-induced differentiation of Acanthamoeba castellanii. FEMS Microbiology Letters 157(1), pp. 149--153. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12766.x)
Biagini, G. A., Finlay, B. J. and Lloyd, D. 1997. Evolution of the hydrogenosome.. FEMS Microbiology Letters 155(2), pp. 133--140. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb13869.x)
Hall, R. C., Embery, G. and Lloyd, D. 1997. Immunochemical localization of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan lumican in human predentine and dentine.. Archives of Oral Biology 42(10-11), pp. 783--786. (10.1016/s0003-9969(97)00024-1)
Mason, D. J. and Lloyd, D. 1997. Acridine orange as an indicator of bacterial susceptibility to gentamicin. FEMS Microbiology Letters 153(1), pp. 199--204. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10482.x)
Khunkitti, W., Avery, S. V., Lloyd, D., Furr, J. R. and Russell, A. D. 1997. Effects of biocides on Acanthamoeba castellanii as measured by flow cytometry and plaque assay. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 40(2), pp. 227--233., article number: 227. (10.1093/jac/40.2.227)
Biagini, G. A., Suller, M. T., Finlay, B. J. and Lloyd, D. 1997. Oxygen uptake and antioxidant responses of the free-living diplomonad Hexamita sp.. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 44(5), pp. 447--453. (10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05722.x)
Goldberg, B., Rattendi, D., Yarlett, N., Lloyd, D. and Bacchi, C. J. 1997. Rapid methylation of cell proteins and lipids in Trypanosoma brucei. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 44(4), pp. 352-358. (10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05676.x)
Suller, M. T., Stark, J. M. and Lloyd, D. 1997. A flow cytometric study of antibiotic-induced damage and evaluation as a rapid antibiotic susceptibility test for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 40(1), pp. 77--83. (10.1093/jac/40.1.77)
Williams, I., Venables, W. A., Lloyd, D., Paul, F. and Critchley, I. 1997. The effects of adherence to silicone surfaces on antibiotic susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus.. Microbiology 143 (, pp. 2407--2413. (10.1099/00221287-143-7-2407)
GOLDBERG, B., YARLETT, N., RATTENDI, D., LLOYD, D. and BACCHI, C. J. 1997. Rapid methylation of cell proteins and lipids in Trypanosoma brucei. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 44(4), pp. 345--351. (10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05676.x)
Biagini, G. A., van der Giezen, M., Hill, B., Winters, C. and Lloyd, D. 1997. Ca2+ accumulation in the hydrogenosomes of Neocallimastix frontalis L2: a mitochondrial-like physiological role. FEMS Microbiology Letters 149(2), pp. 227--232. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10333.x)
Willetts, J. C., Seward, R., Dinsdale, M. G., Suller, M. T., Hill, B. and Lloyd, D. 1997. Vitality of cider yeast grown micro-aerobically with added ethanol, butan-j-ol or iso-butanol. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 103(2), pp. 79. (10.1002/j.2050-0416.1997.tb00938.x)
Lloyd, D. 1997. Chaos and ultradian rhythms. Biological Rhythm Research 28(1), pp. 134--143. (10.1076/brhm.28.1.134.12982)
Khunkitti, W., Lloyd, D., Furr, J. R. and Russell, A. D. 1997. Aspects of the mechanisms of action of biguanides on trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Journal of Applied Microbiology 82(1), pp. 107-114. (10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03304.x)
Lloyd, D. 1997. Circadian and ultradian clock-controlled rhythms in unicellular microorganisms. Advances in Microbial Physiology 39, pp. 291--338. (10.1016/S0065-2911(08)60019-3)

1996

Seward, R., Willetts, J. C., Dinsdale, M. G. and Lloyd, D. 1996. The effects of ethanol, hexan-1-ol, and 2-phenylethanol on cider yeast growth, viability, and energy status; synergistic inhibition. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 102(6), pp. 439--443. (10.1002/j.2050-0416.1996.tb00928.x)
Lloyd, D., Moran, C. A., Suller, M. T. E., Dinsdale, M. G. and Hayes, A. J. 1996. Flow cytometric monitoring of rhodamine 123 and a cyanine dye uptake by yeast during cider fermentation. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 102(4), pp. 251-259. (10.1002/j.2050-0416.1996.tb00910.x)
Lloyd, D. 1996. Obligate anaerobe or not?. Nature 381, pp. 121. (10.1038/381121a0)
Wickramasinghe, N. C., Hoyle, F. and Lloyd, D. 1996. Eruptions of comet Hale-Bopp at 6.5 AU. Astrophysics and Space Science 240(1), pp. 161. (10.1007/BF00640204)
Thomas, K. L., Benstead, J., Davies, K. L. and Lloyd, D. 1996. Role of wetland plants in the diurnal control of CH4 and CO2 fluxes in peat. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28(1), pp. 17--23. (10.1016/0038-0717(95)00103-4)
Benstead, J. and Lloyd, D. 1996. Spatial and temporal variations of dissolved gases (CH4, CO 2, and O 2) in peat cores.. Microbial Ecology 31(1), pp. 57--66. (10.1007/BF00175075)
Lloyd, D., Williams, A. G., Amann, R., Hayes, A. J., Durrant, L. and Ralphs, J. R. 1996. Intracellular prokaryotes in rumen ciliate protozoa: detection by confocal laser scanning microscopy after in situ hybridization with fluorescent 16S rRNA probes. European Journal of Protistology 32(4), pp. 523-531. (10.1016/S0932-4739(96)80011-3)
Khunkitti, W., Lloyd, D., Furr, J. R. and Russell, A. D. 1996. The lethal effects of biguanides on cysts and trophozoites of Acanthamoeba castellanii.. J Appl Bacteriol 81(1), pp. 73--77. (10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03284.x)

1995

Lloyd, D. 1995. Microbial processes and the cycling of atmospheric trace gases.. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10(12), pp. 476--478. (10.1016/s0169-5347(00)89192-2)
Thomas, K. L., Price, D. and Lloyd, D. 1995. A comparison of different methods for the measurement of dissolved gas gradients in waterlogged peat cores. Journal of Microbiological Methods 24(2), pp. 191--198. (10.1016/0167-7012(95)00070-4)
Dinsdale, M., Lloyd, D. and Jarvis, B. 1995. YEAST VITALITY DURING CIDER FERMENTATION: TWO APPROACHES TO THE MEASUREMENT OF MEMBRANE POTENTIAL. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 101(6), pp. 453-458. (10.1002/j.2050-0416.1995.tb00883.x)
Rutter, A. J., Lloyd, D. and Harwood, J. L. 1995. Characterisation of the fatty acid delta 12-desaturase of Acanthamoeba castellanii.. Biochemical Society Transactions 23(3), pp. 407S. (10.1042/bst023407s)
Ryu, J. and Lloyd, D. 1995. Cell cytotoxicity of sodium nitrite, sodium nitroprusside and Roussin's black salt against Trichomonas vaginalis. FEMS Microbiology Letters 130(2-3), pp. 183--187. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07717.x)
Zahniser, M., Nelson, D. D., McManus, B., Kebabian, P. L. and Lloyd, D. 1995. Measurement of trace gas fluxes using tunable diode laser spectroscopy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Physical and Engineering Sciences 351(1696), pp. 371--382. (10.1098/rsta.1995.0040)
Hillman, K., Williams, A. and Lloyd, D. 1995. Postprandial variations in endogenous metabolic activities of ovine rumen ciliate protozoa. Animal Feed Science and Technology 52(3-4), pp. 237--247. (10.1016/0377-8401(94)00728-R)
Kippert, F. and Lloyd, D. 1995. A temperature-compensated ultradian clock ticks in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.. Microbiology 141, pp. 883-890. (10.1099/13500872-141-4-883)
Lloyd, A. and Lloyd, D. 1995. Chaos : Its significance and detection in biology. Biological Rhythm Research 26(2), pp. 233-252. (10.1080/09291019509360338)
Kippert, F. and Lloyd, D. 1995. The aniline blue fluorochrome specifically stains the septum of both live and fixed Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells. FEMS Microbiology Letters 132(3), pp. 215--219. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07836.x)
Mason, D. J., Lopez-Amoros, R., Allman, R., Stark, J. M. and Lloyd, D. 1995. The ability of membrane potential dyes and calcafluor white to distinguish between viable and non-viable bacteria.. JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 78(3), pp. 309--315. (10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb05031.x)
Edlin, D. A. N., Narbad, A., Dickinson, J. R. and Lloyd, D. 1995. The biotransformation of simple phenolic compounds by Brettanomyces anomalus. FEMS Microbiology Letters 125(2-3), pp. 311-315. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07374.x)
Lloyd, D. and Hayes, A. J. 1995. Vigour, vitality and viability of microorganisms. FEMS Microbiology Letters 133(1-2), pp. 1-7. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07852.x)
Avery, S. V., Harwood, J. L. and Lloyd, D. 1995. Quantification and characterization of phagocytosis in the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii by flow cytometry.. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61(3), pp. 1124-1132.
Avery, S. V., Lloyd, D. and Harwood, J. L. 1995. Temperature-dependent changes in plasma-membrane lipid order and the phagocytotic activity of the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii are closely correlated.. Biochem J 312(3), pp. 811-816. (10.1042/bj3120811)
Avery, S., Harwood, J. and Lloyd, D. 1995. Quantification and characterization of phagocytosis in the soil amoeba acanthamoeba castellanii by flow cytometry.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61(3), pp. -.

1994

Hughes, D. E. Lloyd, D., Venables, A. and Evans, B. eds. 1994. Microbiology: Past, present, and future: a Festschrift for Emeritus Professor David Hughes in his eightieth year: Contributions made to mark the 30th anniversary of the Chair of Microbiology at Cardiff University. BioLine, School of Pure & Applied Biology, University of Wales College of Cardiff.
Lloyd, D., Wimpenny, J. and Russell, N. 1994. Microbiology at Cardiff. In: Microbiology: Past, Present, and Future: a Festschrift for Emeritus Professor David Hughes in His Eightieth Year: Contributions Made to Mark the 30th Anniversary of the Chair of Microbiology at Cardiff University. , pp. 57-59.
MASON, D., ALLMAN, R., STARK, J. and LLOYD, D. 1994. Rapid estimation of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility with flow cytometry. Journal of Microscopy 176(1), pp. 8-16. (10.1111/j.1365-2818.1994.tb03494.x)
Lloyd, D. 1994. Antecedents of Cardiff microbiology. In: Microbiology: Past, Present, and Future : a Festschrift for Emeritus Professor David Hughes in His Eightieth Year : Contributions Made to Mark the 30th Anniversary of the Chair of Microbiology at Cardiff University. , pp. 13-17.
Lloyd, D. 1994. The university scientist. In: Microbiology: Past, Present, and Future : a Festschrift for Emeritus Professor David Hughes in His Eightieth Year : Contributions Made to Mark the 30th Anniversary of the Chair of Microbiology at Cardiff University. , pp. 199-200.
Lloyd, D. 1994. A short history of microsoc. In: Microbiology: Past, Present, and Future : a Festschrift for Emeritus Professor David Hughes in His Eightieth Year : Contributions Made to Mark the 30th Anniversary of the Chair of Microbiology at Cardiff University. , pp. 61-62.
Ellis, J. E., Yarlett, N., Cole, D., Humphreys, M. J. and Lloyd, D. 1994. Antioxidant defences in the microaerophilic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis: Comparison of metronidazole-resistant and sensitive strains. Microbiology Society 140(9), pp. 2489-2494. (10.1099/13500872-140-9-2489)
Dinsdale, M. G., Lloyd, D. and Jarvis, B. 1994. Membrane potential studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during cider fermentation.. Biochemical Society Transactions 22(3), article number: 325S. (10.1042/bst022325s)
Lloyd, D. and Lloyd, A. L. 1994. Hypothesis: a controlled chaotic attractor constitutes the central oscillator of the circadian clock.. Biochemical Society Transactions 22(3), article number: 322S. (10.1042/bst022322s)
Humphreys, M. J., Ralphs, J., Durrant, L. and Lloyd, D. 1994. Hydrogenosomes in trichomonads are calcium stores and have a transmembrane electrochemical potential.. Biochemical Society Transactions 22(3), pp. 324S. (10.1042/bst022324s)
Lloyd, D. and Lloyd, A. 1994. A controlled chaotic attractor could provide a tuneable oscillator for circadian clocks. Biological Rhythm Research 25(2), pp. 235-240. (10.1080/09291019409360297)
Thomas, K. L., Lloyd, D. and Boddy, L. 1994. Effects of oxygen, pH and nitrate concentration on denitrification by Pseudomonas species.. FEMS Microbiology Letters 118(1-2), pp. 181--186. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06823.x)
Ellis, J. E., Lindmark, D. G., Williams, A. G. and Lloyd, D. 1994. Polypeptides of hydrogenosome-enriched fractions from rumen ciliate protozoa and trichomonads: immunological studies.. FEMS Microbiology Letters 117(2), pp. 211-216. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06767.x)
Humphreys, M. J., Allman, R. and Lloyd, D. 1994. Determination of the viability of Trichomonas vaginalis using flow cytometry. Cytometry 15(4), pp. 343-348. (10.1002/cyto.990150410)
Lloyd, D. 1994. Reply from d. Lloyd.. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9(4), pp. 149. (10.1016/0169-5347(94)90183-X)
Benstead, J. and Lloyd, D. 1994. Direct mass spectrometric measurement of gases in peat cores. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 13(3), pp. 233--240. (10.1111/j.1574-6941.1994.tb00070.x)
AVERY, S. V., LLOYD, D. and HARWOOD, J. L. 1994. Changes in membrane fatty acid composition and Δ12‐Desaturase activity during growth of Acanthamoeba castellanii in batch culture. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 41(4), pp. 396-401. (10.1111/j.1550-7408.1994.tb06096.x)
Avery, S. V., Harwood, J. L. and Lloyd, D. 1994. Low temperature-induced adaptations in lipid metabolism and physiological function in Acanthamoeba castellanii cultures of different ages.. Biochem Soc Trans 22(3), pp. 257S. (10.1042/bst022257s)
Avery, S. V., Lloyd, D. and Harwood, J. L. 1994. Growth-dependent changes of delta 12-desaturase activity and unsaturation of membrane fatty acids in Acanthamoeba castellanii.. Biochem Soc Trans 22(2), pp. 200S. (10.1042/bst022200s)
Lloyd, D., Ralphs, J., Durrant, L., Williams, A. G. and Amann, R. 1994. Studies of the bacterial endosymbionts of "anaerobic protozoa" using fluorescently-labelled rRNA-targetted oligonucleotide probes.. Biochemical Society Transactions 22(3), article number: 323S. (10.1042/bst022323s)
Lloyd, D. 1994. A controlled chaotic attractor controls life. In: Gneiger, E., Gellerich, F. N. and Wyss, M. eds. What is Controlling Life? 50 years after Erwin Schrödinger's What is Life?., Vol. 3. Modern trends in biothermokinetics Innsbruck: Innsbruck University Press, pp. 77-80.

1993

Lloyd, D. and Kippert, F. 1993. Intracellular coordination by the ultradian clock.. Cell Biology International 17(12), pp. 1047-1052. (10.1006/cbir.1993.1037)
Lauritsen, F. R. and Lloyd, D. 1993. Direct detection of volatile metabolites produced by microorganisms: Membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Presented at: 204th American Chemical Society meeting, 23-28 Aug 1992 Presented at Fenselau, C. ed.Mass Spectrometry for the Characterization of Microorganisms, Vol. 541. ACS Symposium Series Washington, DC: ACS Publications pp. 91-106., (10.1021/bk-1994-0541.ch007)
Lloyd, D. and Rossi, E. L. 1993. Biological rhythms as organization and information.. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 68(4), pp. 563-577. (10.1111/j.1469-185x.1993.tb01244.x)
Jones, A. L., Lloyd, D. and Harwood, J. L. 1993. Rapid induction of microsomal delta 12(omega 6)-desaturase activity in chilled Acanthamoeba castellanii.. Biochemical Journal 296 (, pp. 183--188. (10.1042/bj2960183)
Lloyd, D. 1993. Aerobic denitrification in soils and sediments: From fallacies to factx.. Trends Ecol Evol 8(10), pp. 352--356. (10.1016/0169-5347(93)90218-E)
Lloyd, D., Morrell, S., Carlsen, H. N., Degn, H., James, P. E. and Rowlands, C. C. 1993. Effects of growth with ethanol on fermentation and membrane fluidity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. Yeast 9(8), pp. 825--833. (10.1002/yea.320090803)
Mason, D. J., Lloyd, A. L. and Lloyd, D. 1993. An inexpensive infrared growth sensor array for detection of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility.. FEMS Microbiology Letters 111(2-3), pp. 251--254. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06394.x)
Ellis, J. E., Williams, R., Cole, D., Cammack, R. and Lloyd, D. 1993. Electron transport components of the parasitic protozoon Giardia lamblia.. FEBS Letters 325(3), pp. 196-200. (10.1016/0014-5793(93)81072-8)
Lloyd, A. L. and Lloyd, D. 1993. Hypothesis: the central oscillator of the circadian clock is a controlled chaotic attractor. BioSystems 29(2-3), pp. 77--85. (10.1016/0303-2647(93)90085-Q)
Lauritsen, F. R., Kotiaho, T. and Lloyd, D. 1993. Rapid and direct monitoring of volatile fermentation products in the fungus Bjerkandera adusta by membrane inlet tandem mass spectrometry. Biological Mass Spectrometry 22(10), pp. 585-589. (10.1002/bms.1200221005)
Ellis, J. E., Wingfield, J. M., Cole, D., Boreham, P. F. and Lloyd, D. 1993. Oxygen affinities of metronidazole-resistant and -sensitive stocks of Giardia intestinalis.. International Journal for Parasitology 23(1), pp. 35-39. (10.1016/0020-7519(93)90095-g)
Lloyd, D., James, C. J., Chapman, A. and Dickinson, J. R. 1993. Combined 13 C NMR-and mass-spectrometry for non-invasive monitoring of metabolism. Biotechnology Techniques 7(2), pp. 85--90. (10.1007/BF00157376)
Benstead, J., Archer, D. and Lloyd, D. 1993. Rapid method for monitoring methanogenic activities in mixed culture: effects of inhibitory compounds. Biotechnology Techniques 7(1), pp. 31--36. (10.1007/BF00151086)
Lloyd, D. ed. 1993. Flow cytometry in microbiology. London: Springer. (10.1007/978-1-4471-2017-9)
Williams, A. G. and Lloyd, D. 1993. Biological activities of symbiotic and parasitic protozoa and fungi in low-oxygen environments. In: Advances in Microbial Ecology, vol. 13., Vol. 13. Advances in Microbial Ecology Boston, MA: Springer, pp. 211-262., (10.1007/978-1-4615-2858-6_5)

1992

Lloyd, D., Ellis, J. E., Hillman, K. and Williams, A. G. 1992. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry: probing the rumen ecosystem.. Soc Appl Bacteriol Symp Ser 21, pp. 155S-163S. (10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb03635.x)
Ellis, J. E., Cole, D. and Lloyd, D. 1992. Influence of oxygen on the fermentative metabolism of metronidazole-sensitive and resistant strains of Trichomonas vaginalis.. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 56(1), pp. 79-88. (10.1016/0166-6851(92)90156-e)
Lloyd, D. and Rossi, E. L. eds. 1992. Ultradian rhythms in life processes: An inquiry into fundamental principles of chronobiology and psychobiology. [Ultradian Rhythms in Life Processes: An Inquiry Into Fundamental Principles of Chronobiology and Psychobiology]. Springer Science & Business Media.
Paget, T. A., Kelly, M. L., Jarroll, E. L., Lindmark, D. G. and Lloyd, D. 1992. The effects of oxygen on fermentation in Giardia lamblia. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 57(1), pp. 65--71. (10.1016/0166-6851(93)90244-r)
Lloyd, D., James, C. J. and Maitra, P. K. 1992. Mutations in phosphofructokinases alter the control characteristics of glycolysis in vivo in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. Yeast 8(4), pp. 291--301. (10.1002/yea.320080406)
Degn, H. and Lloyd, D. 1992. Enzyme activity in organic solvent as a function of water activity determined by membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Biotechnology Techniques 6(2), pp. 161-164. (10.1007/BF02438824)

1991

Carlsen, H. N., Degn, H. and Lloyd, D. 1991. Effects of alcohols on the respiration and fermentation of aerated suspensions of baker's yeast. Microbiology 137(12), pp. 2879--2883.
Ellis, J. E., Mcintyre, P. S., Saleh, M., Williams, A. G. and Lloyd, D. 1991. The influence of ruminal concentrations of O2 and CO2 on fermentative metabolism of the rumen entodiniomorphid ciliateEudiplodinium maggii. Current Microbiology 23(5), pp. 245-251. (10.1007/BF02092025)
JONES, A., PRUITT, N., LLOYD, D. and HARWOOD, J. 1991. Temperature‐induced Changes in the Synthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids by Acanthamoeba castellanii. The Journal of Protozoology 38(6), pp. 532-536. (10.1111/j.1550-7408.1991.tb06076.x)
Lloyd, D. and Stupfel, M. 1991. The occurrence and functions of ultradian rhythms.. Biological Reviews 66(3), pp. 275--299. (10.1111/j.1469-185x.1991.tb01143.x)
Hillman, K., Williams, A. and Lloyd, D. 1991. The influence of headspace gas composition on the production of VFA by rumen ciliate protozoa. Letters in Applied Microbiology 13(1), pp. 11-15. (10.1111/j.1472-765X.1991.tb00557.x)
Lloyd, D., Lauritsen, F. R. and Degn, H. 1991. The parasitic flagellates Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetu produce indole and dimethyl disulphide: direct characterization by membrane inlet tandem mass spectrometry. Microbiology 137(7), pp. 1743-1747. (10.1099/00221287-137-7-1743)
Benstead, J., Archer, D. and Lloyd, D. 1991. Formate utilization by members of the genus Methanobacterium. Archives of Microbiology 156(1), pp. 34--37. (10.1007/BF00418184)
Ellis, J. E., McIntyre, P. S., Saleh, M., Williams, A. G. and Lloyd, D. 1991. Influence of CO2 and low concentrations of O2 on fermentative metabolism of the rumen ciliate Dasytricha ruminantium.. Journal of General Microbiology 137(6), pp. 1409--1417. (10.1099/00221287-137-6-1409)
Lauritsen, F., Nielsen, L., Degn, H., Lloyd, D. and Bohatka, S. 1991. Identification of dissolved volatile metabolites in microbial cultures by membrane inlet tandem mass spectrometry. Biological Mass Spectrometry 20(5), pp. 253-258. (10.1002/bms.1200200504)
Ellis, J. E., McIntyre, P. S., Saleh, M., Williams, A. G. and Lloyd, D. 1991. Influence of CO2 and low concentrations of O2 on fermentative metabolism of the ruminal ciliate Polyplastron multivesiculatum.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57(5), pp. 1400-1407.
Hillman, K., Williams, A. G. and Lloyd, D. 1991. Evaluation of matrices in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) for the maintenance of ciliate protozoa. Letters in Applied Microbiology 12(4), pp. 129-132. (10.1111/j.1472-765X.1991.tb00522.x)
Lloyd, D. and Volkov, E. I. 1991. The ultradian clock: Timekeeping for intracellular dynamics. In: Mosekilde, E. and Mosekilde, L. eds. Complexity, Chaos, and Biological Evolution. Oxford and New York, NY: Plenum Press, pp. 51-59., (10.1007/978-1-4684-7847-1_4)

1990

Allman, R., Hann, A. C., Phillips, A. P., Martin, K. L. and Lloyd, D. 1990. Growth of Azotobacter vinelandii with correlation of Coulter cell size, flow cytometric parameters, and ultrastructure.. Cytometry 11(7), pp. 822--831. (10.1002/cyto.990110708)
Paget, T. A., Fry, M. and Lloyd, D. 1990. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Ascaridia galli: characterization of peroxisomes.. Experimental Parasitology 71(2), pp. 236--240. (10.1016/0014-4894(90)90026-9)
Paget, T. A., Raynor, M. H., Shipp, D. W. and Lloyd, D. 1990. Giardia lamblia produces alanine anaerobically but not in the presence of oxygen.. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 42(1), pp. 63--67. (10.1016/0166-6851(90)90113-z)
Paget, T. A. and Lloyd, D. 1990. Trichomonas vaginalis requires traces of oxygen and high concentrations of carbon dioxide for optimal growth.. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 41(1), pp. 65--72. (10.1016/0166-6851(90)90097-6)
Ellis, J. E., Williams, A. G. and Lloyd, D. 1990. Formate and glucose stimulation of methane and hydrogen production in rumen liquor. Current Microbiology 20(4), pp. 251-254. (10.1007/BF02089419)
Jenkins, H., Griffiths, A. and Lloyd, D. 1990. Selection-synchronized Chlamydomonas reinhardii display ultradian but not circadian rhythms. Biological Rhythm Research 21(1), pp. 75--80. (10.1080/09291019009360027)
Lloyd, D. 1990. Measurement of oxygen using luminescent bacteria. In: Wise, D. L. ed. Bioinstrumentation: Research Developments and Applications. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, pp. 301-315.
Boddy, L. and Lloyd, D. 1990. Portable mass spectrometry: a potentially useful ecological tool for simultaneous, continuous measurement of gases in situ in soils and sediments. In: Harrison, A. F., Ineson, P. and Heal, O. W. eds. Nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems: field methods, application and interpretation. Barking,UK:, pp. 139.
Benstead, J., Archer, D. B. and Lloyd, D. 1990. Role of hydrogen in the growth of mutualistic methanogenic cocultures. In: Belaich, J., Bruschi, M. and Garcia, J. eds. Microbiology and Biochemistry of Strict Anaerobes Involved in Interspecies Hydrogen Transfer. Springer, pp. 161., (10.1007/978-1-4613-0613-9_14)

1989

Ellis, J. E., Williams, A. G. and Lloyd, D. 1989. Oxygen consumption by ruminal microorganisms: protozoal and bacterial contributions.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55(10), pp. 2583--2587. (10.1128/aem.55.10.2583-2587.1989)
Jenkins, H., Griffiths, A. and Lloyd, D. 1989. Simultaneous operation of ultradian and circadian rhythms in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Biological Rhythm Research 20(4), pp. 257--264. (10.1080/09291018909360013)
Davies, K. J., Lloyd, D. and Boddy, L. 1989. The effect of oxygen on denitrification in Paracoccus denitrificans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. Microbiology 135(9), pp. 2445-2451. (10.1099/00221287-135-9-2445)
Lloyd, D., Coombs, G. H. and Paget, T. A. P. eds. 1989. Biochemistry and molecular biology of "anaerobic" protozoa. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers.
Paget, T., Lloyd, D., Jarroll, E., Manning, P. and Lindmark, D. 1989. Respiratory activity in Giardia spp. In: Biochemistry and molecular biology of anaerobic protozoa. , pp. 186-201.
Paget, T., Mendis, A. and Lloyd, D. 1989. Respiration in the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi. International Journal for Parasitology 19(3), pp. 337--343. (10.1016/0020-7519(89)90145-8)
Lloyd, D., Hillman, K., Yarlett, N. and Williams, A. G. 1989. Hydrogen production by rumen holotrich protozoa: effects of oxygen and implications for metabolic control by in situ conditions.. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 36(2), pp. 205--213. (10.1111/j.1550-7408.1989.tb01075.x)
Gopal, C. V., Broad, D. and Lloyd, D. 1989. Bioenergetic consequences of protein overexpression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 30(2), pp. 160-165. (10.1007/BF00264005)
Khalil, E., Whitmore, T., Gamel-El-Din, H., El-Bassel, A. and Lloyd, D. 1989. The effect of detergent on methanogenesis by Methanosarcina barkeri. FEMS Microbiology Letters 57(3), pp. 313--316. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03355.x)
Paget, T. A., Jarroll, E. L., Manning, P., Lindmark, D. G. and Lloyd, D. 1989. Respiration in the cysts and trophozoites of Giardia muris.. Microbiology 135(1), pp. 145--154. (10.1099/00221287-135-1-145)
Lloyd, D., Yarlett, N., Hillman, K., Paget, T. A., Chapman, A., Ellis, J. E. and Williams, A. G. 1989. Oxygen and aerotolerant protozoa: Studies using non-invasive techniques. In: Lloyd, D., Coombs, G. H. and Paget, T. A. P. eds. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of "Anaerobic" Protozoa. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic, pp. 1-21.
Lloyd, D. and Coombs, G. H. 1989. Aerotolerantly anerobic protozoa: Some unsolved problems. In: Lloyd, D., Coombs, G. H. and Paget, T. A. P. eds. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of "Anaerobic" Protozoa. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic, pp. 267-286.

1988

Gaunt, D. M., Degn, H. and Lloyd, D. 1988. The influence of oxygen and organic hydrogen acceotors on glycolytic dioxide production in Brettanomyces anomalus. Yeast 4(4), pp. 249-255. (10.1002/yea.320040403)
Paget, T. A., Fry, M. and Lloyd, D. 1988. The O2-dependence of respiration and H2O2 production in the parasitic nematode Ascaridia galli. Biochemical Journal 256(2), pp. 633--639. (10.1042/bj2560633)
Paget, T. A., Fry, M. and Lloyd, D. 1988. The O2-dependence of respiration and H2O2 production in the parasitic nematode Ascaridia galli.. Biochemical Journal 256(2), pp. 633--639. (10.1042/bj2560633)
Paget, T. A., Fry, M. and Lloyd, D. 1988. Haemoprotein terminal oxidases in the nematodes Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Ascaridia galli. Biochemical Journal 256(1), pp. 295-298. (10.1042/bj2560295)
Paget, T., Fry, M. and Lloyd, D. 1988. Haemoprotein terminal oxidases in the nematodes Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Ascaridia galli. Biochemical Journal 256(1), pp. 295--298. (10.1042/bj2560295)
Lloyd, D. and Whitmore, T. N. 1988. Hydrogen‐dependent control of the continuous thermophilic anaerobic digestion process using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Letters in Applied Microbiology 6(1), pp. 5-10. (10.1111/j.1472-765X.1988.tb01202.x)
Boffey, S. A. and Lloyd, D. eds. 1988. Division and segregation of organelles. Society for experimental biology seminar series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hillman, K., Lloyd, D. and Williams, A. 1988. Interactions between the methanogen Methanosarcina barkeri and rumen holotrich ciliate protozoa. Letters in Applied Microbiology 7(3), pp. 49-53. (10.1111/j.1472-765X.1988.tb01250.x)
Khalil, E., Whitmore, T., Gamal-El-Din, H., El-Bassel, A. and Lloyd, D. 1988. The effects of detergents on anaerobic digestion. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 29(5), pp. 517--522. (10.1007/BF00269079)
Paget, T. A. and Lloyd, D. 1988. Effects of reducing agents on the metabolism and morphology of Trichomonas vaginalis. In: Lloydd, D., Coombs, G. H. and Paget, T. A. P. eds. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of "Anaerobic" Protozoa. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic, pp. 267-286.

1987

Whitmore, T., Lloyd, D., Jones, G. and Williams, T. 1987. Hydrogen-dependent control of the continuous anaerobic digestion process. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 26(4), pp. 383--388. (10.1007/BF00256675)
Yarlett, N., Rowlands, C. C., Evans, J. C., Yarlett, N. C. and Lloyd, D. 1987. Nitroimidazole and oxygen derived radicals detected by electron spin resonance in hydrogenosomal and cytosolic fractions from Trichomonas vaginalis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 24(3), pp. 255--261. (10.1016/0166-6851(87)90157-5)
Lloyd, D., Boddy, L. and Davies, K. J. 1987. Persistence of bacterial denitrification capacity under aerobic conditions: the rule rather than the exception. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 3(3), pp. 185--190. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02354.x)
Lloyd, D. and James, C. 1987. The Pasteur effect in yeasts: mass spectrometric monitoring of oxygen uptake, and carbon dioxide and ethanol production. FEMS Microbiology Letters 42(1), pp. 27--31. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02294.x)
Lloyd, D., James, C. J., Lloyd, A. L., Yarlett, N. and Yarlett, N. C. 1987. The effects of oxygen on fermentation in Tritrichomonas foetus KV1 and its variant 1MR-100 with defective hydrogenosomes. Microbiology 133(5), pp. 1181-1186. (10.1099/00221287-133-5-1181)
Paget, T., Fry, M. and Lloyd, D. 1987. Hydrogen peroxide production in uncoupled mitochondria of the parasitic nematode worm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Biochemical Journal 243(2), pp. 589--595. (10.1042/bj2430589)
Edwards, S. W. and Lloyd, D. 1987. CO-reacting haemoproteins of neutrophils: Evidence for cytochrome b-245 and myeloperoxidase as potential oxidases during the respiratory burst. Bioscience Reports 7(3), pp. 193--199. (10.1007/BF01124789)
Lloyd, D. 1987. Biochemistry of the cell cycle. Biochemical Journal 242(2), pp. 313-321. (10.1042/bj2420313)
Yarlett, N., Rowlands, C., Evans, J., Yarlett, N. and Lloyd, D. 1987. Reduction of niridazole by metronidazole resistant and susceptible strains of Trichomonas vaginalis. Parasitology 94(1), pp. 93-99. (10.1017/S0031182000053488)
Paget, T. A., Fry, M. and Lloyd, D. 1987. Effects of inhibitors on the oxygen kinetics of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 22(2-3), pp. 125--133. (10.1016/0166-6851(87)90042-9)
Lloyd, D., Williams, A. G., Hillman, K. and Whitmore, T. N. 1987. Methanogenesis in the rumen: Mass spectrometric monitoring. In: Heinzle, E. and Reuss, M. eds. Mass Spectrometry in Biotechnological Process Analysis and Control. Boston, MA: Springer, pp. 91-103., (10.1007/978-1-4757-0169-2_8)
Whitmore, T. N., Jones, G., Lazzari, M. and Lloyd, D. 1987. Methanogenesis in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digesters: Monitoring and control based on dissolved hydrogen. In: Heinzle, E. and Reuss, M. eds. Mass Spectrometry in Biotechnological Process Analysis and Control. Boston, MA: Springer, pp. 143-162., (10.1007/978-1-4757-0169-2_12)
Lloyd, D. and Kippert, F. 1987. A temperature-compensated ultradian clock explains temperature-dependent quantal cell cycle times. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology 41, pp. 135-155.

1986

Lloyd, D. and Edwards, S. 1986. Temperature-compensated ultradian rhythms in lower eukaryotes: Periodic turnover coupled to a timer for cell division. Biological Rhythm Research 17(4), pp. 321--326. (10.1080/09291018609359923)
Hill, D. J., Jenkins, R. O., Cartledge, T. G. and Lloyd, D. 1986. Changes in proteinase activities and subcellular distribution during inactivation of alcohol oxidase in Candida boidinii.. The Biochemical Journal 238(1), pp. 255-261. (10.1042/bj2380255)
Ranalli, G., Whitmore, T. N. and Lloyd, D. 1986. Methanogenesis from methanol in Methanosarcina barkeri studied using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. FEMS Microbiology Letters 35(2-3), pp. 119. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01512.x)
Yarlett, N., Yarlett, N. and Lloyd, D. 1986. Metronidazole-resistant clinical isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis have lowered oxygen affinities. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 19(2), pp. 111--116. (10.1016/0166-6851(86)90115-5)
Yarlett, N., Yarlett, N. C. and Lloyd, D. 1986. Ferredoxin-dependent reduction of nitroimidazole derivatives in drug-resistant and susceptible strains of Trichomonas vaginalis. Biochemical Pharmacology 35(10), pp. 1703--1708. (10.1016/0006-2952(86)90327-8)
Lloyd, D., Davies, K. and Boddy, L. 1986. Mass spectrometry as en ecological tool for in situ measurement of dissolved gases in sediment systems. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 2(1), pp. 11--17. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01933.x)
Chapman, A., Cammack, R., Linstead, D. and Lloyd, D. 1986. Respiration of Trichomonas vaginalis Components detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. European Journal of Biochemistry 156(1), pp. 193-198. (10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09567.x)
Edwards, S. W. and Lloyd, D. 1986. Formation of myeloperoxidase compound II during aerobic stimulation of rat neutrophils. Bioscience Reports 6(3), pp. 275--282. (10.1007/BF01115156)
Yarlett, N., Yarlett, N., Orpin, C. and Lloyd, D. 1986. Cryopreservation of the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum. Letters in Applied Microbiology 3(1), pp. 1-3. (10.1111/j.1472-765X.1986.tb01533.x)
Lloyd, D., Yarlett, N. and Yarlett, N. 1986. Inhibition of hydrogen production in drug-resistant and susceptible Trichomonas vaginalis strains by a range of nitroimidazole derivatives. Biochemical Pharmacology 35(1), pp. 61--64. (10.1016/0006-2952(86)90556-3)
Lloyd, D. 1986. Chairman's summary of session B. Biochemical Pharmacology 35(1), pp. 65-65. (10.1016/0006-2952(86)90558-7)
Alobaidi, H., Coles, G., Davies, M. and Lloyd, D. 1986. Host defence in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: The effect of the dialysate on phagocyte function. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 1(1), pp. 16-21. (10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a091434)

1985

Hill, D. J., Hann, A. C. and Lloyd, D. 1985. Degradative inactivation of the peroxisomal enzyme, alcohol oxidase, during adaptation of methanol-grown Candida boidinii to ethanol.. Biochemical Journal 232(3), pp. 743-750. (10.1042/bj2320743)
Hillman, K., Lloyd, D. and Williams, A. G. 1985. Use of a portable quadrupole mass spectrometer for the measurement of dissolved gas concentrations in ovine rumen liquor in situ. Current Microbiology 12(6), pp. 335--339. (10.1007/BF01567893)
LLOYD, D., JAMES, C. J. and HASTINGS, J. W. 1985. Oxygen affinities of the bioluminescence systems of various species of luminous bacteria. Microbiology 131(9), pp. 2137--2140. (/10.1099/00221287-131-9-2137)
Lloyd, D., Bohatka, S. and Szilagyi, J. 1985. Quadrupole mass spectrometry in the monitoring and control of fermentations. Biosensors 1(2), pp. 179--212. (10.1016/0265-928X(85)80003-1)
Whitmore, T., Lazzari, M. and Lloyd, D. 1985. Comparative studies of methanogenesis in thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digesters using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Biotechnology Letters 7(4), pp. 283--288. (10.1007/BF01042379)
Abdul, P. and Lloyd, D. 1985. Pathogen survival during anaerobic digestion: Fatty acids inhibit anaerobic growth ofEscherichia coli. Biotechnology Letters 7(2), pp. 125--128. (10.1007/BF01026683)
Abdul, P. and Lloyd, D. 1985. The Survival of antibiotic resistant and sensitive Escherichia coli strains during anaerobic digestion. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 22(5), pp. 373--377. (10.1007/BF00582423)
Hillman, K., Lloyd, D. and Williams, A. G. 1985. Continuous monitoring of fermentation gases in an artificial rumen system (Rusitec) using a membrane-inlet probe on a portable quadrupole mass spectrometer. Presented at: Symposium on Gas Enzymology, 28–29 May 1984 Presented at Degn, H., Cox, R. P. and Toftlund, H. eds.Gas Enzymology. Dordrecht: Springer pp. 201-206., (10.1007/978-94-009-5279-9_14)
Lloyd, D. 1985. Simultaneous dissolved oxygen and redox measurements: Use of polarographic, bioluminescence and mass spectrometric monitoring combined with dual-wavelength spectrophotometry. Presented at: Symposium on Gas Enzymology, Odense, Denmark, 28–29 May 1984 Presented at Degn, H., Cox, R. P. and Toftlund, H. eds.Gas Enzymology. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company pp. 37-53., (10.1007/978-94-009-5279-9_3)

1984

Yarlett, N., Coleman, G. S., Williams, A. G. and Lloyd, D. 1984. Hydrogenosomes in known species of rumen entodiniomorphid protozoa. FEMS Microbiology Letters 21(1), pp. 15--19. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb00178.x)

1983

Lloyd, D. and Scott, R. I. 1983. Direct measurement of dissolved gases in microbiological systems using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Journal of Microbiological Methods 1(6), pp. 313-328. (10.1016/0167-7012(83)90008-8)
Yarlett, N., Scott, R., Williams, A. and Lloyd, D. 1983. A note on the effects of oxygen on hydrogen production by the rumen protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium Schuberg. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 55(2), pp. 359-361. (10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01332.x)
Unitt, M., Scott, R. and Lloyd, D. 1983. Adaptation of terminal respiration pathways of Tetrahymena pyriformis ST to growth with added iron or carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 74(3), pp. 567--571. (10.1016/0305-0491(83)90230-4)
Scott, R., Yarlett, N., Hillman, K., Williams, A., Lloyd, D. and Williams, T. 1983. The presence of oxygen in rumen liquor and its effects on methanogenesis. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 55(1), pp. 143-149. (10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb02658.x)
Lloyd, D., Kristensen, B. and Degn, H. 1983. Glycolysis and respiration in yeasts: the effect of ammonium ions studied by mass spectrometry. Microbiology 129(7), pp. 2125-2127. (10.1099/00221287-129-7-2125)
Scott, R. I., Williams, T. N. and Lloyd, D. 1983. Oxygen sensitivity of methanogenesis in rumen and anaerobic digester populations using mass spectrometry. Biotechnology Letters 5(6), pp. 375--380. (doi.org/10.1007/BF00131275)
Lloyd, D., Kristensen, B. and Degn, H. 1983. Glycolysis and respiration in yeasts: The Pasteur effect studied by mass spectrometry.. Biochemical Journal 212(3), pp. 749-754. (10.1042/bj2120749)
Scott, R. I. and Lloyd, D. 1983. Photochemical action spectra indicate that cytochrome a/a3 is the predominant haemoprotein terminal oxidase in Acanthamoeba castellanii. Biochemical Journal 210(3), pp. -. (10.1042/bj2100721)
Costas, M., Edwards, S. W., Lloyd, D., Griffiths, A. J. and Turner, G. 1983. Restriction enzyme analysis of mitochondrial DNA of members of the genus Acanthamoeba as an aid in taxonomy. FEMS Microbiology Letters 17(1-3), pp. 231-234.
Lloyd, D., Protheroe, R., Williams, T. N. and Williams, J. L. 1983. Adaptation of the respiratory system of Acanthamoeba castellanii to anaerobiosis. FEMS Microbiology Letters 17(1-3), pp. 143--146. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00389.x)
Lloyd, D., Edwards, S. W., Williams, J. L. and Evans, J. B. 1983. Mitochondrial cytochromes of Acanthamoeba castellanii: Oscillatory accumulation of haemoproteins, immunological determinants and activity during the cell cycle. FEMS Microbiology Letters 16(2-3), pp. 307--312. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00308.x)

1982

Lloyd, D., Mellor, H. and Williams, J. L. 1982. Oxygen affinity of the respiratory chain of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Biochemical Journal 214, pp. 47-51. (10.1042/bj2140047)
Lloyd, D., Scott, R. I., Edwards, S. W., Edwards, C. and Chance, B. 1982. Cytochrome a620 in Tetrahymena pyriformis: Reactions with carbon monoxide and oxygen at subzero temperatures and photochemical action spectra. Biochemical Journal 206(2), pp. 367-372. (10.1042/bj2060367)
Yarlett, N., Lloyd, D. and Williams, A. G. 1982. Respiration of the rumen ciliate Dasytricha ruminantium Schuberg. Biochemical Journal 206(2), pp. 259-266. (10.1042/bj2060259)
Yarlett, N., Lloyd, D. and Williams, A. G. 1982. Respiration of the rumen ciliate Dasytricha ruminantium Schuberg. Biochemical Journal 206(2), pp. 259--266. (10.1042/bj2060259)
Lloyd, D., Edwards, S. W. and Fry, J. C. 1982. Temperature-compensated oscillations in respiration and cellular protein content in synchronous cultures of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 79(12), pp. 3785--3788. (10.1073/pnas.79.12.3785)
Lloyd, D., Williams, J., Yarlett, N. and Williams, A. 1982. Oxygen affinities of the hydrogenosome-containing protozoa Tritrichomonas foetus and Dasytricha ruminantium, and two aerobic protozoa, determined by bacterial bioluminescence. Microbiology 128(5), pp. 1019--1022. (10.1099/00221287-128-5-1019)
Lloyd, D., Edwards, S. W. and Fry, J. C. 1982. Temperature-compensated oscillations in respiration and cellular protein content in synchronous cultures of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 79(12), pp. 3785-3788. (10.1073/pnas.79.12.3785)

1981

Lloyd, D., Edwards, S. W. and Williams, J. L. 1981. Oscillatory accumulation of total cellular protein in synchronous cultures of Candida utilis. FEMS Microbiology Letters 12(3), pp. 295--298. (10.1111/j.1574-6968.1981.tb07661.x)
Lloyd, D., Edwards, S. W. and Chance, B. 1981. Carbon monoxide- and oxygen-reacting haemoproteins in the mitochondrial fraction from the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii: Studies at subzero temperatures.. The Biochemical Journal 200(2), pp. 337-342. (10.1042/bj2000337)
Yarlett, N., Hann, A., Lloyd, D. and Williams, A. 1981. Hydrogenosomes in the rumen protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium Schuberg. Biochemical Journal 200(2), pp. 365--372. (10.1042/bj2000365)
Unitt, M. and Lloyd, D. 1981. Effects of inhibitors on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase of Tetrahymena pyriformis ST. Microbiology 126(2), pp. 261--266. (10.1099/00221287-126-2-261)
Lloyd, D., James, K., Williams, J. and Williams, N. 1981. A membrane-covered photobacterium probe for oxygen measurements in the nanomolar range. Analytical Biochemistry 116(1), pp. 17--21. (10.1016/0003-2697(81)90315-8)
Lloyd, D., Kristensen, B. and Degn, H. 1981. Oxidative detoxification of hydrogen sulphide detected by mass spectrometry in the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. Microbiology 126(1), pp. 167-170. (10.1099/00221287-126-1-167)
Edwards, S. W., Evans, J. B. and Lloyd, D. 1981. Oscillatory accumulation of catalase during the cell cycle of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Microbiology 125(2), pp. 459-462. (10.1099/00221287-125-2-459)
Yarlett, N. and Lloyd, D. 1981. Effects of inhibitors on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase of Crithidia fasciculata: an unusual pattern of specificities. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 3(1), pp. 13--17. (10.1016/0166-6851(81)90073-6)

1980

Edwards, S. W. and Lloyd, D. 1980. Oscillations in protein and RNA content during synchronous growth of Acanthamoeba castellanii: evidence for periodic turnover of macromolecules during the cell cycle. FEBS Letters 109(1), pp. 21--26. (10.1016/0014-5793(80)81302-0)
Bashford, C., Chance, B., Lloyd, D. and Poole, R. K. 1980. Oscillations of redox states in synchronously dividing cultures of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Biophysical Journal 29(1), pp. 1-11. (10.1016/S0006-3495(80)85114-9)

1979

Poole, R. K., Lloyd, D. and Chance, B. 1979. The reaction of cytochrome oxidase with oxygen in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-. Studies at subzero temperatures and measurement of apparent oxygen affinity. Biochemical Journal 184(3), pp. 555--563. (10.1042/bj1840555)
Lloyd, D., Lindmark, D. G. and MÜLLER, M. 1979. Adenosine triphosphatase activity of Tritrichomonas foetus. Microbiology 115(2), pp. 301-307. (10.1099/00221287-115-2-301)
Lloyd, D., Boveris, A., Reiter, R., Filipkowski, M. and Chance, B. 1979. Chemiluminescence of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Biochemical Journal 184(1), pp. 149-156. (10.1042/bj1840149)
Lloyd, D., Edwards, S., Kristensen, B. and Degn, H. 1979. The effect of inhibitors on the oxygen kinetics of terminal oxidases of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Biochemical Journal 182(1), pp. 11-15. (10.1042/bj1820011)
Lloyd, D., Lindmark, D. G. and Müller, M. 1979. Respiration of Tritrichomonas foetus: absence of detectable cytochromes. Journal of Parasitology 65(3), pp. 466-469. (10.2307/3280301)

1978

Lloyd, D. and Edwards, S. W. 1978. Properties of mitochondria isolated from cyanide-sensitive and cyanide-stimulated cultures of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Biochemical Journal 174(1), pp. 203-211. (10.1042/bj1740203)
Degn, H., Lloyd, D. and Hill, G. C. eds. 1978. Functions of alternative terminal oxidases. Febs Federation of European Biochemical Societies 11Th Meeting Copenhagen 1977. Oxford and New York, NY: Pergamon Press. (10.1016/C2013-0-03004-6)
Lloyd, D. and Edwards, S. W. 1978. Electron transport pathways alternative to the main phosphorylating respiratory chain. Presented at: Febs Federation of European Biochemical Societies 11th meeting, 1977 Presented at Degn, H., Lloyd, D. and Hill, G. C. eds.Functions of Alternative Terminal Oxidases. Oxford: Pergamon Press pp. 1-10., (10.1016/B978-0-08-022630-9.50005-0)
Lloyd, D. and Edwards, S. W. 1978. Terminal oxidases: A summary. Presented at: Febs Federation of European Biochemical Societies 11th meeting Presented at Degn, H., Lloyd, D. and Hill, G. C. eds.Functions of Alternative Terminal Oxidases, Vol. 45. FEBS Meeting Oxford and New York, NY: Pergamon pp. 187-193., (10.1016/B978-0-08-022630-9.50023-2)

1977

Edwards, S. W., Chagla, A. H., Griffiths, A. J. and Lloyd, D. 1977. The cytochromes of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Biochemical Journal 168(1), pp. 113-121. (10.1042/bj1680113)
Lloyd, D. and Edwards, S. D. 1977. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-: Changes in inhibitor sensitivities during the cell cycle indicate similarities and differences in binding sites. Biochemical Journal 162(3), pp. 581-590. (10.1042/bj1620581)
Lloyd, D., John, L., Hamill, M., Phillips, C., Kader, J. and Edwards, S. W. 1977. Continuous flow cell cycle fractionation of eukaryotic microorganisms. Journal of General Microbiology 99(1), pp. 223-227. (10.1099/00221287-99-1-223)
Edwards, S. W. and Lloyd, D. 1977. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-: Changes in activity and oligomycin-sensitivity during the cell cycle of catabolite-repressed and -de-repressed cells. Biochemical Journal 162(1), pp. 39-46. (10.1042/bj1620039)
Coakley, W., Bater, A. and Lloyd, D. 1977. Disruption of Micro-organisms. Advances in Microbial Physiology 16(C), pp. 279-341. (10.1016/S0065-2911(08)60050-8)

1976

Lloyd, D. and Edwards, S. W. 1976. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-: Changes in activity and inhibitor-sensitivity in response to catabolite repression. Biochemical Journal 160(2), pp. 335-342. (10.1042/bj1600335)

1975

Edwards, C., Statham, M. and Lloyd, D. 1975. The preparation of large-scale synchronous cultures of the trypanosomatid, Crithidia fasciculata, by cell-size selection: changes in respiration and adenylate charge through the cell-cycle. Microbiology 88(1), pp. 141--152. (10.1099/00221287-88-1-141)
Ohnishi, T., Cartledge, T. G. and Lloyd, D. 1975. The development of mitochondrial iron-sulfur proteins during respiratory adaptation of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. FEBS LETTERS 52(1), pp. 90--94. (10.1016/0014-5793(75)80645-4)

1974

Poole, R. K. and Lloyd, D. 1974. Changes in respiratory activities during the cell-cycle of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pompe 972h--growing in the presence of glycerol.. The Biochemical Journal 144(1), pp. 141-148. (10.1042/bj1440141)
Poole, R. K., Lloyd, D. and Chance, B. 1974. The development of cytochromes during the cell cycle of a glucose-repressed fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-.. Biochemical Journal 138(2), pp. 201-210. (10.1042/bj1380201)
Lloyd, D. 1974. The mitochondria of microorganisms. London: Academic Press.

1973

Poole, R. K. and Lloyd, D. 1973. Effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose on growth and cell walls of Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-. Archiv für Mikrobiologie 88(4), pp. 257--272. (10.1007/BF00409939)
Cooper, R. A., Bowen, I. D. and Lloyd, D. 1973. The properties and subcellular localization of acid phosphatases in the colourless alga, Polytomella caeca. Journal of Cell Science 15(3), pp. 605-618.
Poole, R. and Lloyd, D. 1973. Oscillations of enzyme activities during the cell-cycle of a glucose-repressed fission-yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h. Biochemical Journal 136(1), pp. 195--207. (10.1042/bj1360195)
Poole, R., Lloyd, D. and Kemp, R. 1973. Respiratory oscillations and heat evolution in synchronously dividing cultures of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h. Microbiology 77(1), pp. 209. (10.1099/00221287-77-1-209)
Cartledge, T. G. and Lloyd, D. 1973. Changes in enzyme activities and distributions during glucose de-repression and respiratory adaptation of anaerobically grown Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.. Biochemical Journal 132(3), pp. 609-621. (10.1042/bj1320609)

1972

Cartledge, T. G., Lloyd, D., Erecińska, M. and Chance, B. 1972. The development of the respiratory chain of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis during respiratory adaptation.. Biochemical Journal 130(3), pp. 739-747. (10.1042/bj1300739)
Lloyd, D. and Chance, B. 1972. The cytochromes of mitochondria from Tetrahymena pyriformis strain ST.. Biochemical Journal 128(5), pp. 1171-1182. (10.1042/bj1281171)
Cartledge, T. G. and Lloyd, D. 1972. Subcellular fractionation by zonal centrifugation of glucose-repressed anaerobically grown Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.. Biochemical Journal 127(4), pp. 693-703. (10.1042/bj1270693)
Cartledge, T. G. and Lloyd, D. 1972. Subcellular fractionation of particles containing acid hydrolases from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.. Biochemical Journal 126(3), pp. 755-757. (10.1042/bj1260755)
Cartledge, T. G. and Lloyd, D. 1972. Subcellular fractionation by differential and zonal centrifugation of aerobically grown glucose-de-repressed Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.. Biochemical Journal 126(2), pp. 381-393. (10.1042/bj1260381)

1971

Turner, G. and Lloyd, D. 1971. The effect of chloramphenicol on growth and mitochondrial function of the ciliate protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis strain ST. Microbiology 67(2), pp. 175--188. (10.1099/00221287-67-2-175)

1970

Turner, G. and Lloyd, D. 1970. The effect of growth with chloramphenicol on the mitochondria of Tetrahymena pyriformis strain ST.. Biochemical Journal 116(4), article number: 41P. (10.1042/bj1160041p)
Lloyd, D., Howells, L. and Cartledge, T. G. 1970. Changes in subcellular distribution of enzymes during respiratory adaptation of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Biochemical Journal 116(4), pp. 25P-25P. (10.1042/bj1160025pa)
Cartledge, T. G., Howells, L. and Lloyd, D. 1970. Subcellular fractionation of aerobically grown Saccharomyces carlsbergensis by zonal centrifugation.. Biochemical Journal 116(4), pp. 40P-41P. (10.1042/bj1160040pb)

1969

Bowen, S., Griffiths, A. and Lloyd, D. 1969. Enzyme distributions in an amoeba during encystment.. Biochemical Journal 115(5), pp. 41P. (10.1042/bj1150041Pb)
Bowen, S. M., Griffiths, A. J. and Lloyd, D. 1969. Enzyme distributions in an amoeba during encystment. Biochemical Journal 115(5), pp. 41P-42P. (10.1042/bj1150041pb)
Cooper, R. A., Jones, M. G., Venables, S. E. and Lloyd, D. 1969. Subcellular fractionation of Polytomella caeca by zonal centrifugation.. Biochemical Journal 114(4), article number: 65P. (10.1042/bj1140065pa)
Turner, G., Lloyd, D. and Chance, B. 1969. The electron-transport chain of Tetrahymena pyriformis strain ST. Biochemical Journal 114(4), pp. 91. (10.1042/bj1140091pa)
Lloyd, D. 1969. The development of organelles concerned with energy production. In: Meadow, P. and Pirt, S. J. eds. Microbial Growth: Nineteenth Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology, London, 1969., Vol. 19. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 299-332.
Cartledge, T. G., Burnett, J. K., Brightwell, R. and Lloyd, D. 1969. Subcellular fractionation of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis by zonal centrifugation.. Biochemical Journal 115(5), pp. 56P-57P. (10.1042/bj1150056pb)

1968

Brightwell, R., Lloyd, D., Turner, G. and Venables, S. E. 1968. Subcellular fractionation of Tetrahymena pyriformis by zonal centrifugation: changes in enzyme distributions during the growth cycle.. Biochemical Journal 109(3), pp. 42P. (10.1042/bj1090042pa)
Lloyd, D. and Griffiths, A. 1968. The isolation of mitochondria from the amoeba Hartmanella castellanii Neff. Experimental Cell Research 51(2-3), pp. 291--300. (10.1016/0014-4827(68)90122-5)
Klucis, E., Lloyd, D. and Roach, G. 1968. The preparation of rat‐liver mitochondria by conventional differential centrifugation and by zonal Centrifugation, after various disruption procedures: A comparative study. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10(3), pp. 321-330. (10.1002/bit.260100307)
Lloyd, D. and Chance, B. 1968. Electron transport in mitochondria isolated from the flagellate Polytomella caeca. Biochemical Journal 107(6), pp. 829-837. (10.1042/bj1070829)
Lloyd, D., Evans, D. A. and Venables, S. A. 1968. Propionate assimilation in the flagellate Polytomella caeca. An inducible mitochondrial enzyme system. Biochemical Journal 109(5), pp. 897-907. (10.1042/bj1090897)

1967

Lloyd, D. and Brookman, J. 1967. An oxygen electrode reaction vessel. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 9(2), pp. 271-272. (10.1002/bit.260090212)

1966

Lloyd, D. and Venables, S. E. 1966. The regulation of propionate oxidation in Prototheca zopfii. Biochemical Journal 104(2), pp. 639-646. (10.1042/bj1040639)
Lloyd, D. 1966. Inhibition of electron transport in Prototheca zopfii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 5(3), pp. 527--530. (10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82168-8)

1965

Lloyd, D. 1965. The purification and properties of malonic semialdehyde oxidative decarboxylase from Prototheca zopfii.. Biochemical Journal 3, pp. IMPORTED., article number: 766. (10.1042/bj0960766)
Lloyd, D. and Callely, A. G. 1965. The assimilation of acetate and propionate by Prototheca zopfI. Biochemical Journal 97(1), pp. 176--179. (10.1042/bj0970176)

1964

Callely, A. G. and Lloyd, D. 1964. The metabolism of propionate in the colourless alga, Prototheca zopfii.. Biochemical Journal 92(2), pp. 338-345. (10.1042/bj0920338)
Callely, A. and Lloyd, D. 1964. The metabolism of acetate in the colourless alga, Prototheca zopfii.. The Biochemical Journal 90(3), pp. -. (10.1042/bj0900483)

Current Research

Biology of the flagellate fish parasite, Spironucleus vortens (with Professor Jo Cable, BIOSI)
Newly-synthesised fluorophores and phosphors as biological optical imaging agents [with Dr Simon J. A. Pope, Dr Ian A. Fallis and Dr Angelo J. Amoroso (Chemistry), Dr Catrin F. Williams (Engineering and BIOSI), and Dr Anthony J. Hayes (BIOSI Confocal)]
Biological effects of microwaves with Dr Catrin F. Williams (Engineering and BIOSI) and Professor Adrian Porch (Engineering)
Coupling of oscillatory behaviour in yeasts by intracellular water dynamics with Dr Lars Folke Olsen and Professor Luis A. Bagatolli (University of Southern Denmark)

Grants

Work supported by

EU Funding
NERC
BBSRC
Wellcome
The Royal Society
Ser Cymru

Collaborations

US National Institute of Health on Aging, Baltimore, USA 2015 - present
Keio University: Institute for Advanced Biosciences at Tsuruoka, Japan 2005
Johns Hopkins Medical School, Molecular Cardiobiology, Baltimore, USA 2002 to present
INTECH, Buenos Aires, Argentina 1998
Sabbatical at University of New South Wales, Australia 1999
National Institute for Biosciences/Human Technology, Tsukuba Science City, Japan 1997; 1998
University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 1997
University of Kebansang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1989
TATA Institute for Fundamental Research, Bombay, India 1989; 1991; 1993; 1995; 1997; 1998 to present
Harvard University, USA 1986
ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary 1984
INRA, Bordeaux, France 1984
Soviet Academy of Science, Moscow, USSR 1979
Moscow State University, USSR 1979
University of Southern Denmark at Odense, Denmark 1978 to present
Odense University, Denmark 1977; 1978; 1980; 1981; 1983; 1986; 1990; 1994; 1996
Rockefeller University, USA 1978
University of Pennsylvania, USA 1967; 1969; 1971; 1975; 1978; 1979

Industrial collaboration with more than 50 companies and institutes.

Associates

Professor Marc Roussel (on sabbatical leave from Lethbridge, Alberta) used membrane inlet mass spectrometry to reveal the strange attractor that underlies the respiratory dynamics of yeast in continuous culture. This required simultaneous monitoring of dissolved H2S, CO2 and O2; 40,000 points at 15s intervals were acquired in a 3 month continuous culture experiment. This is the first unequivocal demonstration of chaotic control in a biological system at whole cell level.

Dr Katey Lemar established mechanisms for the anti-candidal properties of selected garlic components, diallyldisulphide and allyl alcohol produce apoptotic cell death in this organism without being too toxic to humans. This affords a new way of tackling antibiotic resistance; there are no reported incidents of microorganisms becoming resistant to the garlic compounds.

Dr Catrin F. Williams with Neem Biotechnology (Dr David Williams, Dr Gareth Evans, Dr Robert Saunders and Dr MIchael Graz), Professor Jo Cable and Dr Michael P. Coogan studied the biochemistry and infectivity of the protozoan, Spironucleus vortens towards angelfish, especially sensitivity of the parasite to garlic comstituents.

With Professor Adrian Porch (Engineering), Catrin currently studies effects and their mechanisms of 2.45 GHz microwaves on the bioluminescence of the marine bacterium, Vibrio fischeri and on cultured normal and cancerous human cell lines.

Recent Former Associates

Dr Stefanie Scheerer and Dr Francisco Gomez have established a stable continuous culture of Photobacterium fisheri. This can be used as an on-line monitor for toxic compounds (e.g. biocides) in environmental samples including water supplies. Miniaturization will lead to the development of personal protection systems. Effects of microwaves were studied.

Dr Simon Cottrell showed that freeze dried garlic powder is toxic to MRSA, and that synergistic affects in combination with oxycillin may provide a new chemotherapeutic strategy.

Dr Victoria Gray has shown that the morphology of Salmonella typhimurium and poona species is continually dependent on the tyrosine content of the growth medium. Various sources of the peptone used in the complex diagnostic media may be quite unsuitable on account of their tyrosine deficiency. Aflagellate organisms, unrecognisable as the pathogen, result if the medium is unsuitable.

Dr Kristina Harris investigated the effects of difluoro methylornithine on the growth, structure and function of Trichomonas vaginalis. Defective hydrogenosemes are one consequence of this ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor.

Dr Jonathan Wood investigated the application of garlic as an antibacterial specifically against MRSA. Resolution of effects required separation of the main toxic constituents; synergy with penicillin derivatives was researched.

Dr Coralie Millet investigated protozoal fish parasites Hexamita and Spironucleus spp. Market for viticulture of aquarium fish is $7b/an. Pathogenicity and invasiveness; biodiversity was studied and compared with that of free living species.

Areas of expertise

External profiles

Academia.edu

ResearchGate

Research links

Past projects

Post-Graduate

No.	Name	Dates (Awarded)	Thesis Title (Funding Body) Joint Supervisors
66	Heather Chick	2014-15 (2015)	Antimicrobial activity of Garlic vs. V. fischeri, S. Typhimurium, Burkholderia (KESS studentship) with Colin Berry (BIOSI, Cardiff University) & Neem Biotech Ltd
65	Rhodri Williams	2013-14 (2014	Antimicrobial activity of Garlic vs. MRSA (Clostridium difficile) (KESS studentship with Martin Day (BIOSI, Cardiff University) & Neem Biotech Ltd
64	Catrin F Williams	2013	Growth, Metabolism, Biochemistry and Chemotherapy of Spironucleus vortens (EPSRC Studentship) with Dr David Williams (Neem Biotech Ltd) with Jo Cable (BIOSI, Cardiff University)
63	Jon Wood	2009	Effects of garlic on MRSA with Sue Plummer (Cultech Port Talbot)
62	Coralie Millet	2009	Growth, metabolism, ultrastructure and chemotherapy of Spironucleus vortens (Morgan Parasitology PG Studentship) with Jo Cable (BIOSI, Cardiff University)
61	Stephanie Scheerer	2008	Microbial biodeterioration of outdoor stone monuments: Assessment methods and control strategies with Colin Gibson (UWCM) and Cymtox (Cardiff University)
60	Kristina Harris	2007	Determining the role of polyamine metabolism in two human pathogenic protozoa : Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis (Boehringer Ingelheim Fond and Bateman Trust) with Burt Goldberg (New York University)
59	Victoria Gray	2006	Growth of Salmonella enterica on diverse media with I.D. Watkins Merck Chemicals Ltd. (Newport; UK) and Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany)
58	Katey Lemar	2005	Cell death in the human pathogen Candida albicans: effects of garlic (Allium sativum), and garlic constituents allyl alcohol and diallyl disulphide with Sue Plummer (Cultech Baglan, Port Talbot)
57	David Pooley	2003	Biological effects of millimeter-wave radiation perturbation of Photobacterium in continuous culture with Brian N Ellison (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford University)
56	Simon Cottrell	1999-2002 (2003)	Garlic as antibacterial (Cultech) with Carsten Muller (BIOSI, Cardiff University and Sue Plummer (Cultech Baglan, Port Talbot)
55	Samuel Sheppard	1999-2002 (2002)	Sludge amendment of soil (NERC) with Stuart Davies (BIOSI, Cardiff University)
54	Rosemary Fiera	1998-2001	Apoptosis and mitochondria (Tenovus) with Ivor D. Bowen (Cardiff University)
53	Neil Turner	1998-2001	Acanthamoeba infections with A. Denver Russell (Pharmacy, Cardiff University)
52	Eshanta Salgardo	1998-2001	Fusel oils and oscillations in yeast cultures (Allied Brewers, Burton on Trent) with J.R. Dickinson (Cardiff University) and Allied Brewers (Burton on Trent)
51	Janine Harris	1997-2000	Garlic and Giardia (Cultech) with Sue Plummer (Cultec, Baglan, Port Talbot)
50	Paul Allen	1997-2000	Giardia encystation (Thames Water)
49	Zoe Matheson	1997-2000	Giardia in Water Supplies (Thames Water)
48	Ceri Arthurs	1996-1999 (2000)	Cider lactobaccili with Basil Jarvis (Bulmers)
47	Janine Morgan	1996-1999	Erythromycin fermentation with R.T. Rowlands (Panlabs Taiwan) and I.H. Gilbert (Dundee University)
46	Jonathan Tammam	1996-1999	Lactobacilli in Cheese with Alan G. Williams (Hannah Institute, Ayr)
45	Angela Berry	1996-1999	Peat bog methanogeneis (NERC) with Stuart Davies (Cardiff University)
44	Burt Goldberg	1995-1998 (1998)	Trypanosome metabolism with Nigel Yarlett (PACE University, NY, External)
43	Sarah White	1995-1998	Cider lactobaccili (MAFF) with Basil Jarvis (Bulmers, Hereford)
42	George Cowie	1995-1998 (1999)	Gases in sediments (NERC)
41	Giancarlo Biagini	1994-1997 (1998)	Anaerobic protozoa free living in sediments (NERC) with Bland Finlay (NERC)
40	Marc Suller	1994-1997 (1998)	Flow cytometric, detecting antibiotic resistance (Welsh Office) with J. Marshall Stark (Medical Microbiology, UWCM)
39	Joy Khunkitti	1993-1996 (1996)	Acanthamoeba biocides (Thai Government) with Y. Aoki (Khon Kaen University, Thailand) and A. Denver Russell (Pharmacy, Cardiff University)
38	Duncan Edlin	1993-1996 (1997)	Flavours and Fragrances: production using yeasts and filamentous fungi (AFRC) with Arjan Narbad (ARC Food Institute, Norwich) and JR Dickinson (Cardiff University)
37	Ian Williams	1993-1996 (1996)	Plasmid loss in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (SERC-CASE, SmithKline Beecham) with WA Venables (Cardiff University) Frank Paul, Ian Critchley and Robert Jepras (Beechams SKB)
36	Gwenda Dinsdale	1991-1992 (1995)	Yeast plasma membrane physiology and cider fermentation (SERC-CASE, Bulmers) with Basil Jarvis (Bulmers, Hereford)
35	Fred Kippert	1990-1991 (1992)	Ultradian Cycles in Yeast (Self-financing)
34	Elizabeth Rees	1990-1993 (1995)	Metabolism of rumen chytidomyces (SERC-CASE, Hannah Institute) with Alan G. Williams (Hannah Institute, Ayr)
33	David Mason	1990-1993 (1995)	Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria (Welsh Office) with M. Stark (Medical Microbiology, UWCM) and R. Allman
32	Michelle Humphreys	1990-1993 (1994)	Metabolic Studies on Trichonomas vaginalis (SERC) with R. Allman
31	Katie Thomas	1989-1992 (1993)	Mass spectrometric monitoring of gases in sediments (NERC) with Kelvin L. Davies
30	Sarah Finney	1988-1991 (1992)	Biochemistry of Nematodes (SERC-CASE, Pfizer) with Ken (Pfizer, Kent)
29	Julie Benstead	1987-1990 (1991)	Methanogenic cocultures: in species Ha transfer (SERC-IFR, Norwich) with David B. Archer (Pfizer, Kent)
28	Jayne Ellis	1987-1990 (1990)	Metabolism of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa (SERC-Hannah) with Alan G. Williams (Hannah Institute, Ayr)
27	Chandra Gopal	1985-1989 (1990)	Expressed recombinant genes and yeast energy metabolism (SERC-CASE, Celltech) with D. Broad (Celltech, Slough)
26	Helen Jenkins	1984-1987 (1988)	Circadian and Ultradian Rhythms in Chlamydomonas and Euglena (SERC) with Alan J. Griffiths (Cardiff University) and J Woody Hastings. (Harvard, USA)
25	Richard Allman	1984-1987 (1988)	Flow Cytometric analyses of bacteria (SERC-CASE, MOD, Porton) with A.P. Phillips (MOD Porton Down)
24	Kathryn J.P. Davies	1984-1987 (1987)	Denitrification (NERC) with Lynne Boddy (Cardiff University) and W. Jack Payne (University of Georgia Athens, Georgia USA)
23	Eid Khalil	1985-1987 (1987)	Studies on Anaerobic Digestion (Egyptian Government) with David E Hughes and Tim Whitmore (Cardiff University)
22	Timothy A. Paget	1983-1987 (1986)	Electron Transport in mitochondria of parasitic helminths (SERC-CASE, Wellcome) with Mitchel Fry
21	Alan Chapman	1983-1986 (1987)	Studies on the Biochemistry of Trichomonas vaginalis (SERC-CASE Wellcome) with David Linstead
20	Haifai Al' Obaidy	1982-1985 (1986)	Host defence mechanisms in CAPD: a laboratory and clinical investigation (Self-supported) with Malcolm Davies (Renal Medicine, UWCM)
19	Kevin Hillman	1982-1985 (1987)	Studies on Rumen Ciliate Protozoa (SERC-CASE Hannah Institute) with Alan G. Williams (Hannah Institute, Ayr)
18	David J. Hill	1981-1984 (1985)	Regulation of enzyme levels in Candida species (Cardiff University Studentship)
17	Richard O. Jenkins	1980-1983 (1984)	An investigation into the role of subcellular organelles in various species of yeasts (CNAA, Trent Polytechnic) with Trevor G. Cartledge (Trent University, Nottingham)
16	Pershing Abdul	1982-1985 (1984)	Studies on Anaerobic Digestion (Iraqi Government) with David E Hughes (Cardiff University)
15	Nigel Yarlett	1979-1982 (1982)	Metabolism of Dasytricha ruminantium, a rumen ciliate (SERC-CASE Hannah Institute) with Alan G. Williams (Hannah Institute, Ayr)
14	David Wales	1977-1980 (1980)	Aspects of the Biochemistry of the Facultative Anaerobe Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (CNAA, Trent Polytechnic) with Trevor G. Cartledge (Trent University, Nottingham)
13	Mark Unitt	1976-1979 (1980)	Energy Metabolism in Tetrahymena pyriformis Strain ST (SRC)
12	Zahra Toma	1976-1979 (1980)	Mechanisms of enzyme instability in yeasts (Iraqi Government)
11	Steven W. Edwards	1975-1978 (1978)	The Physiology of Growth of Acanthamoeba castellanii (MRC) with Alan J. Griffiths (Cardiff University)
10	Ghassan El' Khayat	1976-1979 (1980)	Changes in Energy Conservation Systems During Growth and Starvation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Syrian Government)
9	Carol Phillips	1972-1975 (1976)	The Cell Cycle of Tetrahymena pyriformis Strain ST (Cardiff University)
8	Merril Hammil	1972-1975 (1976)	Studies of the Mitochondrial genome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Cardiff University)
7	Jalil Kader	1972-1975 (1978)	Studies on synchronous cultures of Candida utilis (Malaysian Government)
6	Clive Edwards	1971-1974 (1978)	Crithidia fasciculata (SRC)
5	Robert K. Poole	1970-1973 (1973)	Structure and Function of the Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (SRC)
4	Trevor G. Cartledge	1969-1972 (1972)	Structure and Function of the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (MRC)
3	Rosemary Cooper	1968-1971 (1971)	Structure and Function of the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (MRC)
2	Geoffrey Turner	1967-1970 (1970)	The mitochondria of Tetrahymena pyriformis (MRC)
1	David A. Evans	1965-1969 (1969)	Structure and Function in the colourless alga Polytomella caeca (MRC) with David E Hughes (Cardiff University)

Post-Doctoral

No.	Name	Dates	Project
22	Victoria Gray	2007-2011	Modern Water Continuous environmental monitoring of water quality using bioluminescent bacteria.
21	David Pooley	2010	Software development
20	Francisco Gomez	2008-2010	Construction and maintenance of hardware and wireless operation for this monitor
19	Louise Thomas	2002 (6 months)	Acanthameoba :treatment of eye infections
18	Douglas Murray	1998-2000	Yeast fermentation
17	Manfred Beckman	1998-2001	Peat bog gases
16	Alexander Dorofeev	1997-1998	Bioenergetis of synchronous yeast chemostat cultures (Royal Society/
15	David Horner	1995-1997	Early branching eukaryotes (with Natural History Museum)
13	Katie Thomas	1993-1996	Methanogenesis in peat bogs
12	Simon Avery	1992-1995	Temperature adaptation in Acanthamoeba castellanii (NERC)
12	Andrew Rutter	1993-1996	Microsomal fatty acid desaturation (SERC)
11	Julie Benstead	1992-1993	Methanogenesis in peat bogs (NERC)
10	Jayne Ellis	1990-1992	Metronidazole and Giardia lamblia (Wellcome)
9	Lesley Jones	1989-1991	Temperature adaptation and membrane lipids of Acanthamoeba (NERC)
8	Richard Allman	1989-1991	Rapid detection of bacteria by flow cytometry (MOD)
7	Timothy A. Paget	1986-1989	Metabolism and Chemotherapy of Giardia lamblia (Wellcome)
6	Kevin Hillman	1988-1989	Brettanomyces: spoilage of soft drinks (AFRC)
5	David Gaunt	1986-1988	Brettanomyces: a spoilage of soft drinks (AFRC Cadbury-Schweppes)
4	Timothy Whitmore	1984-1987	Mass spectrometric monitoring and control of anaerobic digestion (AFRC)
3	Nigel Yarlett	1983-1985	Metronidazole action and resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis (Cardiff University)
2	Robert Scott	1981-1983	Continuous monitoring of dissolved gases by mass spectrometry (SERC Biotech.)
1	Steven W. Edwards	1978-1980	Oscillatory dynamics in Acanthamoeba castellanii Cell Cycle (Cardiff University)