
Dr Alison Parken
FRSA, OBE
Senior Research Fellow, Wales Centre for Public Policy
- parkena@cardiff.ac.uk
- 10, Adeilad Aberconwy, Rhodfa Colum, Cathays, Caerdydd, CF10 3EU
Trosolwg
I'm involved in undertaking research which contributes towards building an evidence base for promoting socio-economic equality through policy-making and in organisational practices. My research interests include:
- The reproduction of socio-economic inequalities through structures, systems and subjectivities
- Equal pay
- The gendering of labour markets and organisations
- Gender mainstreaming, within employment, knowledge economies and workplaces.
- Intersectional mainstreaming (all dimensions of inequality) within policy making
- The intersections between gender and sexuality in organisational cultures and equality practice.
- Feminist theory
Evidence session and panel contributions
- National Assembly for Wales, Economy, Infrastructure and Transport Committee: Alternative Perspectives on the economic strategy, February 2017
- The Government Equalities Office, Academic Expert Group on Gender Pay Gaps, July 2015
- The Equalities and Human Rights Commission, Advisory Group on Equal Pay Guidance, October 2015
- The Commission for the Status of Women, UK government NGO consultation, November 2015
- The Women and Equalities Select Committee Inquiry into the Gender Pay Gap, December 2015
Media
BBC Radio Wales, Wales@Work, on new gender pay reporting requirements for the private and voluntary sectors, March 2017
Cyhoeddiadau
2023
- Parken, A., MacBride-stewart, S., Ashworth, R. and Minto, R. 2023. An equal and just transition to Net Zero: Summary report of the Mainstreaming Equality and Just Transition Evidence Panel. Project Report. Cardiff: Cardiff University.
2022
- Parken, A. 2022. Addressing pay inequalities in Wales: past, present and future. Project Report. [Online]. Cardiff: Cardiff Business School. Available at: https://www.genderequalitiesat50.ed.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ADDRESSING-PAY-INEQUALITIES-IN-WALES-PAST-PRESENT-AND-FUTURE.pdf
- Parken, A. 2022. Equality and Devolution in Wales: A distinct approach. Project Report. [Online]. Cardiff: Cardiff Business School. Available at: https://www.genderequalitiesat50.ed.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/EQUALITY-AND-DEVOLUTION-IN-WALES-A-DISTINCT-APPROACH.pdf
2021
- MacBride-Stewart, S. and Parken, A. 2021. Inequality in a Future Wales: Areas for action in work, climate, and demographic change. Project Report. [Online]. Future Generations Commissioner for Wales. Available at: https://www.futuregenerations.wales/resources_posts/inequality-in-a-future-wales/
- Minto, R. and Parken, A. 2021. The European Union and regional gender equality agendas: Wales in the shadow of Brexit. Regional Studies 55(9), pp. 1550-1560. (10.1080/00343404.2020.1826422)
2019
- Parken, A. 2019. Improving well-being and equality outcomes: Aligning processes, supporting implementation and creating new opportunities. Project Report. Cardiff: Chwarae Teg.
- Parken, A. and Ashworth, R. 2019. From evidence to action: applying gender mainstreaming to pay gaps in the Welsh public sector. Gender, Work and Organization 26(5), pp. 599-618. (10.1111/gwao.12239)
2018
- Webb, J., Parken, A., Hodges, H. and Mathias, M. 2018. Promoting job progression in low pay sectors. Cardiff: Wales Centre for Public Policy.
- Parken, A. 2018. Putting equality at the heart of decision-making: Gender Equality Review (GER) Phase One: International policy and practice. Project Report. Wales Centre for Public Policy, Cardiff University.
- Parken, A. 2018. Annex: International policy and practice report: Gender Equality Review (Phase One). Project Report. Wales Centre for Public Policy, Cardiff Business School.
- Hodges, H., Webb, J. and Parken, A. 2018. Promoting job progression in low pay sectors: Technical annex. Cardiff: Wales Centre for Public Policy. Available at: https://www.wcpp.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Job-Progression-Technical-Annex.pdf
2017
- Parken, A. 2017. The position of women in employment in Wales, now and in the future. Presented at: Gender Then and Now, Swansea University, Swansea, UK, 7 June 2017.
- Parken, A. 2017. Making the economy work for people on low incomes. Project Report. WAVE.
- Davies, R. and Parken, A. 2017. Devolution, recession and the alleviation of inequality in Wales. In: Fée, D. and Kober-Smith, A. eds. Inequalities in the UK. Emerald, pp. 323-340., (10.1108/978-1-78714-479-820171016)
2016
- Parken, A. 2016. Changes and continuities: Women in paid work in Wales 1994-2014. In: Mannay, D. ed. Our Changing Land: Revisiting Gender, Class and Identity in Contemporary Wales. University of Wales Press
- Parken, A. and Ashworth, R. 2016. 'Trail blazers, change agents and blockers: Addressing the gender pay gap on the ground in public sector organizations. Presented at: The Gender Work and Organisation Conference,, Keele, UK, 28-30 June 2017.
2015
- Parken, A. 2015. The WAVE employer case studies: from evidence to action on gender pay gaps. Project Report. [Online]. Cardiff: Cardiff University. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1005.9363
- Mannay, D., Ward, M. R. M., Parken, A. and Chaney, P. 2015. Our changing land: Revisiting gender, class, identity, work, and public and private life in contemporary Wales. Presented at: The Wales Institute of Social & Economic Research, Data & Methods (WISERD) Annual Conference 2015, Cardiff, 30 June - 2 July 2015.
2014
- Parken, A. 2014. The price of the part-time penalty. [Online]. Bevan Foundation. Available at: http://www.bevanfoundation.org/blog/the-price-of-the-part-time-penalty/
- Parken, A. 2014. Women Adding Value to the Economy (WAVE). [Online]. Feminist and Women’s Studies Association (UK & Ireland). Available at: http://fwsablog.org.uk/2014/03/12/women-adding-value-to-the-economy-wave/
- Parken, A., Pocher, E. and Davies, O. R. 2014. Working patterns in Wales: gender, occupations and pay. Project Report. [Online]. Cardiff University. Available at: http://www.wavewales.co.uk/uploads/STRAND1/Working_Patterns_In_Wales.pdf
2013
- Parken, A. 2013. The future of equality and human rights in Wales. Documentation. Cardiff: National Assembly of Wales. Available at: http://www.senedd.assemblywales.org/documents/s16433/Paper%203%20-%20Dr%20Alison%20Parken.pdf
2012
- Parken, A. 2012. The Welsh specific equality duty on equal pay: context for gender action plans. Presented at: CEHR & WLGA Seminar on Public Sector Duties, 9 February 2012.
- Parken, A. 2012. Employment and pay challenges: how fair is Wales?. Project Report. Equality and Human Rights Commission.
2011
- Parken, A. and Verloo, M. 2011. Applications of intersectionality to health policy in BC. Presented at: Applications of Intersectionality to Health Policy in BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 27-28 April 2011.
- Parken, A. and Rees, T. L. 2011. Economic renewal and the gendered knowledge economy in Wales. Contemporary Wales 24(1), pp. 113-134.
- Parken, A. 2011. A review of Higher Education collaboration across Wales: context and current picture. Project Report. [Online]. Leadership Foundation for Higher Education. Available at: http://www.lfhe.ac.uk/filemanager/root/site_assets/research_resources/research/series_3/S3-1%20Parken%20-%20Review%20of%20HE%20Collaborations%20in%20Wales%20-%20Context.pdf
- Davies, O. R. et al. 2011. An anatomy of inequality in Wales. Project Report. [Online]. Cardiff: Equality and Human Rights Commission Wales. Available at: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/publication/anatomy-economic-inequality-wales
2010
- Parken, A. 2010. A multi-strand approach to promoting equalities and human rights in policy making. Policy & Politics 38(1), pp. 79-99. (10.1332/030557309X445690)
- Parken, A. 2010. Mainstreaming across the equality dimensions: Policy on sexual orientation in Wales. In: Charles, N. and Davies, C. A. eds. Gender and Social Justice Post Devolution. Gender Studies in Wales University of Wales Press, pp. 135-159.
- Parken, A. 2010. Gender, knowledge dynamics and regional policy. In: Halkier, H. et al. eds. Knowledge Dynamics, Regional Development and Public Policy. Aalborg University, pp. 86-98.
2009
- Parken, A., Rees, T. and Baumgardt, A. 2009. Options for an equal pay duty for Wales. Project Report. [Online]. Cardiff: Welsh Government. Available at: http://gov.wales/docs/caecd/research/080214-options-equal-pay-duty-en.pdf
2008
- Fairbrother, P. et al. 2008. Equality and diversity learning in the European steel industry. Project Report. European Commission.
2004
- Parken, A., Fairbrother, P., Davies, S., Hamner, M., Jephcote, M. and Stroud, D. A. 2004. Equal opportunities and diversity changing employment patterns in the European electricity industry: A Report for EPSU, EMCEF and EURELECTRIC. Project Report. [Online]. European Commission. Available at: http://www.epsu.org/IMG/pdf/ExecutiveSummary081204.pdf
2003
- Parken, A. and Rees, T. 2003. Mainstreaming equality: The things you really need to know but have been afraid to ask... Project Report. Cardiff: Equal Opportunities Commission.
Addysgu
I have taught on gender theory, gender and employment, feminist theory, equality and diversity for 15 years at both graduate and postgraduate level, receiving consistently excellent student feedback.
- 2003 - 2011: M.Sc. Equality and Diversity, Cardiff University School of Social Sciences. Lecturer for the core modules: Mainstreaming Equality, Equalities Theory, Managing Diversity in the work place.
- 2006 - to present day: M.Sc. Public Administration, Cardiff University Business School. Lecturer: Managing Diversity in the Work Place, Mainstreaming Equality.
- 2000 - 2002: Lecturer: Gender Relations and Society, undergraduate (lecturers and seminars).
- 1999 - 2001: Module Convenor 'Gender Theory I & II', MSc. Gender and Social Policy, School for Social Policy, Bristol University.
I have applied an evidence-based approach to equalities policy making throughout my career, using research to provide expert advice to Welsh Ministers, as a standing invitee to the National Assembly of Wales' Equality of Opportunity Committee (2004-2007) and a member of the Welsh Assembly Government Mainstreaming Equality Task and Finish Group.
I have undertaken policy research and provided recommendation on various aspects of mainstreaming equality to Chwarae Teg, the Equality and Human Rights Commission, Government Equalities Office UK,European Institute of Gender Equality, Government of Malta, Welsh Government.
A recurrent theme in my research has been developing intersectional approaches to evidence gathering in order to support mainstreaming equality across public policy.
Research funding
2016: Co–Investigator, GW4 Accelerator Grant Award – Pay Equality Research Consortium (PERC).
With colleagues within Cardiff University, Rhys Davies, WISERD, at Exeter University, Professor Carol Woodhams (PI), Bristol University, Dr Gregory Schwartz and Dr Susan Milner, Bath University; scope employer understanding of pay inequalities and intersectional interest in these, mechanisms for gathering and analysing employer workforce and pay data, and related legal, data protection and security parameters, scope data collection tools and submit a full bid to the ESRC for research funding with employers.
2015: Co-Investigator, GW4 Initiator Grant Award – Pay Equality Research Consortium (PERC).
With colleagues at Exeter University, Professor Carol Woodhams, Bristol University, Professor Emerita Harriet Bradley, and Bath University, Dr Susan Harkness; build a multi-disciplinary consortium of scholars interested in understanding how to research and analyse intersectional pay inequalities.
2012 - 2015: Programme Director, Cardiff University research and programme delivery team for the ‘Women Adding Value to the Economy’, WAVE, programme.
Secured £1.1m to research gender employment and pay inequalities with employers, undertake labour market research and create the Equal Pay Barometer.
Cardiff University was a partner in this £4m programme which was joint funded by the European Social Fund through the Welsh Government, with joint sponsors the University of South Wales, The Women’s Workshop and Cardiff University.
Women Adding Value to the Economy (WAVE) at Cardiff University
Brief summary of our research and engagement activities
Employer case studies
To support the implementation of the Welsh 'equal pay duty', we demonstrated how the required workforce and pay data analysis should be undertaken. We worked collaboratively with three large public sector employers who had already completed job evaluation and equal pay audits. However, our findings showed how occupational segregation (by job, by working patterns and within the hierarchy), will continue to reproduce gender pay gaps unless inequalities in the structure of employment are addressed. Supported by the CU WAVE team, a gender pay analyst and change management consultant, these three employers have now created internal management teams, committed to addressing these issues through workforce planning and organisational development.
CU WAVE will release a Gender Employment and Pay Analysis Method (GEPA) so that all public sector organisations in Wales can replicate our case studies analysis. The Welsh Ministers Report on Equality (2014) supports the use of this method for reporting against the 'equal pay duty'.
Gender Employment and Pay Network (GEPN)
The Gender, Employment and Pay Network (GEPN) met quarterly to discuss the anonymised results from the Employer Case Studies and the development of the GEPA method. The seminars have also provided 'unconscious bias' training, and regular updates on the innovative change management measures currently underway in the employer case study organisations.
Equal Pay Barometer (EPB)
This on-line tool provides information on the gender composition of occupations, working patterns and pay in Wales. The EPB was launched at Arriva Trains Wales, where young women from Treorchy Comprehensive School tried out the driver-training simulator: http://www.wavewales.co.uk/equal-pay-barometer/
Qualitative research
We have completed two qualitative research studies with the participants of two ICT training programmes run by our partner organisation The Women's Workshop at BAWSO. The findings provide vital insights into how to encourage women in careers in these occupations in future.
External engagement
Research findings and recommendations have been presented by us or drawn upon by others at:
- Plenary discussions in the Synedd
- NAW Cross Party Group for Women and the Economy
- Welsh Government Women in Business Conference
- European Conference on the future of Gender Mainstreaming (Brussels)
- NHS Equality and Diversity Staff Council
- NHS Job Evaluation managers and trainers conferences
- WLGA Equality Network meeting
- Public Sector Equality Network North Wales, equal pay seminar
- The CU WAVE Women and Leadership public seminar
- Chwarae Teg/ Academi Wales – Women in Leadership Group
- The WEN Wales, Inaugural Annual Lecture
- The Women's Workshop @ BAWSO Mentoring networks
- The Design Council for Wales
- The WAVE project launch event
- The launch of the Equal Pay Barometer at Arriva Trains
Press and publicity
Our report, Working Patterns in Wales: Gender, Occupations and Pay (Parken, Pocher and Davies, 2014) has underpinned significant coverage of gender of employment and pay issues in the workplace within Welsh and UK media, and on social media.