
Dr Tony Redmond
Lecturer, Deputy Director of Postgraduate Research
Yr Ysgol Optometreg a Gwyddorau'r Golwg
- redmondt1@cardiff.ac.uk
- +44(0)29 2087 0564
- Fax:
- +44(0)29 2087 4859
- Room 3.01, Maindy Road, Optometry and Vision Sciences, Maindy Road
Trosolwg
Research Overview
I am interested in many branches of research relating to the eye, but my main interests lie in the measurement of vision. I am particularly interested in improving clinical vision tests (e.g. tests of the visual field and visual acuity, so that subtle changes in vision, at all stages of eye disease and in response to treatment, can be detected early and with a high level of confidence.
Teaching Overview
I am leader of the Physiology of Vision module, which is currently taught to both 1st and 2nd year students. In this module, I teach students (through lectures and practical classes) about how the structure of the retina and other parts of the visual system allow us to see and perceive different features in our visual world. Questions addressed in this module include a) How do we see colours? b) How do we adapt to see in a dark room after being out in the sun? c) What is the explanation behind different optical illusions?
I supervise final year students in their research projects and in the Cardiff University Eye Clinic, while they perform full sight tests on members of the public.
I am also periodically involved in delivering lectures, tutorials and examining for the Wales Optometry Postgraduate Education Centre (WOPEC).
OP1207 (1st year) |
Physiology of Vision |
Module Leader |
OP3101 (3rd year) |
Optometric Practice |
Supervisor/Demonstrator |
OP3107 (3rd year) |
Research Project |
Research Project Supervisor |
Bywgraffiad
Educational and professional qualifications
2014 | FHEA, Postgraduate Certificate in University Teaching and Learning (PCUTL) Higher Education Academy / Cardiff University |
2009 | PhD, 'Spatial summation and the structure/function relationship with age and in glaucoma' University of Ulster / Moorfields Eye Hospital |
2005 | Member of the College of Optometrists (MCOptom) The College of Optometrists |
2004 | BSc (Hons) Optometry University of Ulster |
Academic positions
2015 - Present | Senior Lecturer, School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University |
2012 - 2015 | Lecturer, School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University |
2011 - 2012 | Research Fellow, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (PH Artes & BC Chauhan) |
2009 - 2011 | Post-doctoral research fellow, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London (SC Dakin & DF Garway-Heath) |
Other positions
2010 - 2011 | Specialist optometrist (glaucoma, PT), Moorfields Eye Hospital, London |
2006 - 2008 |
Sessional optometrist (PT), Moorfields Eye Hospital, London |
2005 | Locum optometrist, private practice |
2004 - 2005 | Pre-registration optometrist, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London |
School and University roles and committees
2017 - present | Director of Postgraduate Research |
2014 - 2017 | Deputy Director of Postgraduate Research |
External committees
2015 - Present | Editorial Board Member, Optometry in Practice |
2009 - 2010 | Chair of the North London Association of Optometrists |
2007 - 2010 | Committee member of the North London Association of Optometrists |
External links
View my full CV
View my neurotree
Anrhydeddau a Dyfarniadau
- 2010 George Giles Prize for Postgraduate Research Excellence, The College of Optometrists
Aelodaethau proffesiynol
- Registered with the General Optical Council (Reg. no.: 01-21700)
- Member of the College of Optometrists (MCOptom)
Pwyllgorau ac adolygu
Postgraduate Research Committee
Board of Studies
IT Committee
Cyhoeddiadau
2019
- Tribble, J. R. et al. 2019. Midget retinal ganglion cell dendritic and mitochondrial degeneration is an early feature of human glaucoma. Brain Communications 1(1), article number: fcz035. (10.1093/braincomms/fcz035)
- Wells, M., Rushton, S., Redmond, T., Clatworthy, P. and Dunn, M. 2019. Residual visual function in cortical vision loss. Optometry Today 59(3), pp. 62-65.
2018
- Je, S., Ennis, F. A., Woodhouse, J. M., Sengpiel, F. and Redmond, T. 2018. Spatial summation across the visual field in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. Scientific Reports 8, article number: 3858. (10.1038/s41598-018-21620-6)
- Rountree, L., Mulholland, P. J., Anderson, R. S., Garway-Heath, D. F., Morgan, J. E. and Redmond, T. 2018. Optimising the glaucoma signal/noise ratio by mapping changes in spatial summation with area-modulated perimetric stimuli. Scientific Reports 8, article number: 2172. (10.1038/s41598-018-20480-4)
2017
- Rountree, L., Mulholland, P. J., Anderson, R. S., Morgan, J. E., Garway-Heath, D. and Redmond, T. 2017. Quantifying the signal/noise ratio with perimetric stimuli optimised to probe changing spatial summation in glaucoma [Abstract]. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 58(8)
- Redmond, T., Rountree, L., Anderson, R. S. and Mulholland, P. J. 2017. Resilience of area-modulated perimetric stimuli to increased intraocular straylight [Abstract]. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 58, article number: 2856.
- Matlach, J. et al. 2017. Relationship between psychophysical measures of retinal ganglion cell density and in vivo measures of cone density in glaucoma. Ophthalmology: Journal of The American Academy of Ophthalmology 124(3), pp. 310-319. (10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.10.029)
2016
- Rountree, L., Mulholland, P. J., Anderson, R. S. and Redmond, T. 2016. Response variability for multi-dimensional perimetric stimuli in glaucoma [Abstract]. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 36(6), pp. 8. (10.1111/opo.12329)
- Stapley, V. and Redmond, T. 2016. Perimetry: a change in the rate of progress?. Optometry in Practice 17(2), pp. 41-50.
2015
- Mulholland, P. J., Redmond, T., Garway-Heath, D. F., Zlatkova, M. B. and Anderson, R. S. 2015. The effect of age on the temporal summation of achromatic perimetric stimuli. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 56(11), pp. 6467-6472. (10.1167/iovs.15-16920)
- Mulholland, P. J., Redmond, T., Garway-Heath, D. F., Zlatkova, M. B. and Anderson, R. S. 2015. Spatiotemporal summation of perimetric stimuli in early glaucoma. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 56(11), pp. 6473-6482. (10.1167/iovs.15-16921)
- Mulholland, P. J., Zlatkova, M. B., Redmond, T., Garway-Heath, D. F. and Anderson, R. S. 2015. Effect of varying CRT refresh rate on the measurement of temporal summation. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 35(5), pp. 582-590. (10.1111/opo.12227)
- Campbell, P., Redmond, T., Agarwal, R., Marshall, L. R. and Evans, B. J. W. 2015. Repeatability and comparison of clinical techniques for anterior chamber angle assessment. Ophthalmic And Physiological Optics 35(2), pp. 170-178. (10.1111/opo.12200)
- Mulholland, P. J., Redmond, T., Garway-Heath, D. F., Zlatkova, M. B. and Anderson, R. S. 2015. Estimating the critical duration for temporal summation of standard achromatic perimetric stimuli. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 56(1), pp. 431-437. (10.1167/iovs.14-15304)
2014
- Rountree, L. and Redmond, T. 2014. Response variability across the visual field with perimetric stimuli of different area [Abstract]. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 34(6), pp. 684.
2013
- Hadwin, S., Redmond, T., Garway-Heath, D. F., Lemij, H. G., Reus, N. J., Ward, G. and Anderson, R. S. 2013. Assessment of optic disc photographs for glaucoma by UK optometrists: The Moorfields Optic Disc Assessment Study (MODAS). Ophthalmic And Physiological Optics 33(5), pp. 618-624. (10.1111/opo.12066)
- Redmond, T., Russell, R. A., Anderson, R. S. and Garway-Heath, D. F. 2013. Author response: Passing-Bablok regression is inappropriate for assessing association between structure and function. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 54(8), pp. 5850-5851. (10.1167/iovs.13-13013)
- Redmond, T., Anderson, R. S., Russell, R. A. and Garway-Heath, D. F. 2013. Relating retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and functional estimates of ganglion cell sampling density in healthy eyes and in early glaucoma. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 54(3), pp. 2153-2162. (10.1167/iovs.12-10342)
- Redmond, T., Zlatkova, M. B., Vassilev, A., Garway-Heath, D. F. and Anderson, R. S. 2013. Changes in Ricco's Area with background luminance in the S-Cone Pathway. Optometry and Vision Science 90(1), pp. 66-74. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e318278fc2b)
- Redmond, T. 2013. Psychophysical effects of RGC damage: What tests could we use clinically? [Conference Abstract]. Acta Ophthalmologica 91(s252), pp. 0. (10.1111/j.1755-3768.2013.3623.x)
- Redmond, T., O'Leary, N., Hutchison, D. M., Nicolela, M. T., Artes, P. H. and Chauhan, B. C. 2013. Visual field progression with frequency-doubling matrix perimetry and standard automated perimetry in patients with glaucoma and in healthy controls. JAMA Ophthalmology 131(12), pp. 1565-1572. (10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.4382)
- Mulholland, P. J., Zlatkova, M. B., Anderson, R. S., Garway-Heath, D. F. and Redmond, T. 2013. The appropriateness of luminance vs. energy as a descriptor of CRT stimulus output when measuring the temporal aspects of vision. Presented at: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception, Dublin, Ireland, 22-23 August 2013SAP '13 Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception. New York: ACM Press pp. 140., (10.1145/2492494.2501897)
2012
- Redmond, T. 2012. Toward the optimum measurement of visual acuity. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 53(11), pp. 7424. (10.1167/iovs.12-11112)
2011
- Bergin, C., Redmond, T., Nathwani, N., Verdon-Roe, G. M., Crabb, D. P., Anderson, R. S. and Garway-Heath, D. F. 2011. The effect of induced intraocular straylight on perimetric tests. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 52(6), pp. 3676-3682. (10.1167/iovs.10-6642)
- Redmond, T. and Anderson, R. 2011. Visual fields: back to the future. Optometry in Practice 12(1), pp. 11-20.
- Shah, N., Dakin, S. C., Redmond, T. and Anderson, R. S. 2011. Vanishing Optotype acuity: repeatability and effect of the number of alternatives. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 31(1), pp. 17-22. (10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00806.x)
2010
- Redmond, T., Garway-Heath, D. F., Zlatkova, M. . B. and Anderson, R. S. 2010. Sensitivity loss in early glaucoma can be mapped to an enlargement of the area of complete spatial summation. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 51(12), pp. 6540-6548. (10.1167/iovs.10-5718)
- Redmond, T., Zlatkova, M. B., Garway-Heath, D. F. and Anderson, R. S. 2010. The effect of age on the area of complete spatial summation for chromatic and achromatic stimuli. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 51(12), pp. 6533-6539. (10.1167/iovs.10-5717)
2009
- Anderson, R. S., Redmond, T., McDowell, D. R., Breslin, K. M. M. and Zlatkova, M. B. 2009. The robustness of various forms of perimetry to different levels of induced intraocular stray light. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 50(8), pp. 4022-4028. (10.1167/iovs.08-2934)
Research
My main research interests are in basic and clinical psychophysics, specifically the translation of basic science for improvement of visual field tests both in the clinical setting when investigating conditions that affect retinal performance and for measuring functional endpoints in clinical trials. I am particularly interested in ways in which the major limitations of conventional visual field tests can be addressed.

Figure 1. Schematic spatial summation curve, demonstrating how threshold declines as stimulus ara is incresed. From Redmond et al, Optom Vis Sci, 2013.
Spatial summation with age and in disease.
Since the beginning of my research career, I have been interested in how the sensitivity of the visual field to stimuli of different size changes with age and in disease. My first studies investigated changes in spatial summation with age and in early glaucoma. These papers, published side-by-side in Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science showed that although spatial summation is unchanged with advancing age, a loss of sensitivity (to a small spot of light varying in brightness) in early glaucoma can be accounted for by an enlargement of the area of complete spatial summation (Ricco$acirc; s area). This has direct implications for the design of optimum stimuli for measuring the visual field in eye disease.

Figure 2. Frequency-of seeing curves for Goldmann stimuli I-VI at 36.2 ° visual field eccentricity, measured on an Octopus 900 perimeter (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland)
Addressing the limitations of conventional visual field tests
My most recent work has focussed on characterising response variability to visual field stimuli with psychometric functions and exploring ways in which variability can be minimized to improve the identification of visual changes. I am also interested in how measurements of sensitivity to different stimuli are affected by non-neural changes in the eye that accompany age or eye disease (e.g. increased light scatter within the eye).

Figure 3. Vanishing optotypes. From Shah et al, Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2011
Visual Acuity
$acirc; Reading the letters on the chart$acirc; is probably the most familiar test of vision to anyone who has ever had an eye examination. Although the test is quick and simple, measurement variability can be significant, making it rather insensitive to subtle changes in vision that occur over time or in response to treatment. One contributing factor is the wide variation in legibility between letters. A recent study, in which I was involved, showed how vanishing optotype acuity is more uniform across letter alternatives than acuity to conventional letters.

Figure 4. The parafoveal cone mosaic, imaged with a modified Heidelberg Retina Tomograph III
Cone imaging
I am principal investigator on a Fight For Sight funded project investigating the relationship between grating resolution acuity and parafoveal cone density, measured with a modified Heidelberg Retina Tomograph III
Financial Support and Awards
The College of Optometrists Research Fellowship, 2013 |
£27,494 |
|
The College of Optometrists Postgraduate Scholarship, 2013 |
£55,878 |
|
The College of Optometrists Summer Scholarship, 2013 |
£2,000 |
|
The Wellcome Trust Biomedical Vacation Scholarship, 2013 |
£1,440 |
|
Travel grant; oral presentation award (1st prize) at 23rd Annual Dalhousie University Ophthalmology Research Meeting, Halifax, Canada |
CAD$750 |
|
Fight for Sight Dr Hans and Mrs Gertrude Hirsch Award $acirc; Determining patient-specific baseline ganglion cell density using in vivo imaging of the retinal cone mosaic in glaucoma$acirc; . Lead applicant: T Redmond. Co-applicant: RS Anderson. Collaborators: R Malik, DF Garway-Heath, SC Dakin, 2011-12. |
£12,200 |
|
George Giles Prize for Postgraduate Research Excellence (College of Optometrists), 2010 |
£500 |
|
iPro Practice-based research grant, College of Optometrists, $acirc; Assessment of Optic Disc Photographs for Glaucoma by UK optometrists$acirc; . Lead applicant: SE Hadwin. Co-applicants: T Redmond, DF Garway-Heath, RS Anderson, 2010-11 |
£9,901 |
|
Research excellence oral presentation award, College of Optometrists Research Symposium, York, UK, 2010 |
£200 |
|
Travel grant, (HPSS R&D N. Ireland, Recognised Research Group for Vision) for attendance at ARVO 2009, Ft. Lauderdale, USA |
£600 |
|
Travel grant, College of Optometrists for attendance at ARVO 2009, Ft. Lauderdale, USA |
£400 |
|
World Glaucoma Congress poster presentation award (2nd place), Boston, USA, 2009 |
|
|
Training Grant, (HPSS R&D N. Ireland, Recognised Research Group for Vision) for attendance at $acirc; Matlab programming for Cambridge Research Systems equipment$acirc; , Durham University, 2009 |
£575 |
|
Travel grant, (HPSS R&D N. Ireland Recognised Research Group for Vision) for attendance at ARVO 2008, Ft. Lauderdale, USA |
£650 |
|
Travel grant, International Perimetric Society (IPS) for attendance at IPS 2008, Nara, Japan |
US$900 |
Research Collaborators
Roger S Anderson
,
University of Ulster, Coleraine / Moorfields Eye Hospital, London / UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, $acirc; Improving clinical measurements of visual function$acirc;
Paul H Artes,
Dept of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, $acirc; Improving clinical measurements of visual function$acirc;
Bruce JW Evans,
Institute of Optometry, London, $acirc; Performance of UK optometrists in anterior chamber angle assessment$acirc;
Reviewer
Scientific Journals: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Optometry and Vision Science, Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, Current Eye Research
Grant bodies: Medical Research Council (MRC)