Prof Les Baillie
Peer reviewed articles
Rebecca J. Ingram, Gökhan Metan, Bernard Maillere, Mehmet Doganay, Yusuf Ozkul, Louise U. Kim, Les Baillie, Hugh Dyson, E. Diane Williamson, Karen K. Chu, Stephanie Ascough, Steven Moore, Theresa B. Huwar, John H. Robinson, Shiranee Sriskandan, and Daniel M. Altmann (2010) Natural Exposure to Cutaneous Anthrax Gives Long-Lasting T Cell Immunity Encompassing Infection-Specific Epitopes. J Immunol. published online March 5, 2010, doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0901581
Vernazza C, Lingard B, Flick-Smith HC, Baillie LW, Hill J, Atkins HS. (2009) Small protective fragments of the Yersinia pestis V antigen. Vaccine. 27(21): 2775-80
Aslan, K., Previte, M. J. R., Zhang, Y., Gallagher, T., Baillie, L. & Geddes, C. D. (2008) Extraction and Detection of DNA from Bacillus anthracis Spores and the Vegetative Cells within 1 Min. Anal. Chem., 80 (11): 4125-4132.
Kang, T. J., Basu, S., Zhang, L., Thomas, K. E., Vogel, S. N., Baillie, L. & Cross, A. S. (2008) Bacillus anthracis Spores and Lethal Toxin Induce IL-1β Via Functionally Distinct Signaling Pathways. European Journal of Immunology, 38 (6): 1574-1584.
Baillie LW, Rodriguez AL, Moore S, Atkins HS, Feng C, Nataro JP, Pasetti MF. 2008) Towards a human oral vaccine for anthrax: the utility of a Salmonella Typhi Ty21a-based prime-boost immunization strategy. Vaccine 26(48):6083-91.
Gallagher T and Baillie L. (2008) A cup of tea is the answer to everything- including the threat of bio-terrorism Microbiologist 9 (1):34-37
Gay CG, Richie TL, Pastoret PP, Minguez-Tudela I, de Baetselier P, Göbel T, Goddeeris B, Kaiser P, Morrison I, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM, Anderson K, Baillie LW, Brown WC, Estes DM, Herrera E, Nara PL, Ockenhouse CF, Roth JA, Sztein MB. (2007) Advances in immunology and vaccine discovery report of the United States-European Commission workshop. Vaccine. 2007 Oct 10;25(41):7007-11.
Baillie LW (2006) Past, imminent and future human medical countermeasures for anthrax. J Appl Microbiol. 2006 Sep;101(3):594-606
Baillie LW (2005). Bacillus anthracis, a story of nature subverted by man. Lett Appl Microbiol. 41(3):227-9
Galloway DR, Baillie L. (2004) DNA vaccines against anthrax. Expert Opin Biol Ther 4;1661-7
Baillie, Les and Read, Timothy,D. (2001) Bacillus anthracis, a bug with attitude ! Current Opinion in Microbiology 4: 78-81
Baillie, Les (2001) The development of new vaccines against Bacillus anthracis. Journal of Applied Microbiology 91; 609-613
Research articles
Albrecht MT, Li H, Williamson ED, LeButt CS, Flick-Smith HC, Quinn CP, Westra H, Galloway D, Mateczun A, Goldman S, Groen H, Baillie LW. (2007) Human monoclonal antibodies against anthrax lethal factor and protective antigen act independently to protect against Bacillus anthracis infection and enhance endogenous immunity to anthrax. Infect Immun. 75(11):5425-33.
Aslan K, Zhang Y, Hibbs S, Baillie L, Previte MJ, Geddes CD. (2007) Microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence: application to detection of genomic and exosporium anthrax DNA in <30 seconds. Analyst. 132(11):1130-8.
Legutki JB, Nelson M, Titball R, Galloway DR, Mateczun A, Baillie LW. (2007) Analysis of peptide mimotopes of Burkholderia pseudomallei exopolysaccharide. Vaccine. 25(45):7796-805.
Hepburn MJ, Hugh Dyson E, Simpson AJ, Brenneman KE, Bailey N, Wilkinson L, Hornby R, Mateczun AJ, Bell MG, Baillie LW. (2007). Immune response to two different dosing schedules of the anthrax vaccine precipitated (AVP) vaccine. Vaccine.25(32):6089-97
Stokes, G.M., Titball,R.W., Neeson,B.N., Galen,J.E., Walker,N.J., Stagg,A.J., Jenner,D.C., Thwaite,J.E.,Nataro,J.P., Baillie,L.W.J., and Atkins,H.S. (2007) Oral administration of a Salmonella-based vaccine expressing Bacillus anthracis protective antigen confers protection against aerosolized B. anthracis. Infect Immun 75(4):1827-34
Basu.S., Kang,TJ, Chen,WH, FentonMJ, Baillie,L., Hibbs,S. and Cross AS (2007) Role of Bacillus anthracis spores in macrophage cytokine responses. Infect Immun 75(5):2351-8
Weaver, J., Kang, T.J., Raines, K.W., Cao, G,L., Hibbs,S., Tsai,P., Baillie,L., Rosen, G.M., and S. Cross A.S., (2007) The Protective Role of Bacillus anthracis Exosporium in Macrophage-Mediated Killing by Nitric Oxide. Infect Immun 75(8)3894-901
Kimberly W. Raines, Tae Jin Kang, Stephen Hibbs, Guan-Liang Cao, John Weaver, Pei Tsai, Les Baillie, Alan S. Cross, and Gerald M. Rosen (2006) Importance of Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Control of Infection by Bacillus anthracis. Infect Immun 74(4):2268-7
Shanmuga Sozhamannan, Michael D Chute, Farrell D McAfee, Derrick E Fouts, Arya Akmal, Darrell R Galloway, Alfre Mateczun, Leslie W Baillie and Timothy D Read (2006) The Bacillus anthracis chromosome contains four conserved, excision-proficient, putative prophages. BMC Microbiology 6,6;34
L.W.J. Baillie (2006) Past, imminent and future human medical countermeasures for anthrax. J Appl Microbiol 101(3): 594-606
Kang TJ, Fenton MJ, Weiner MA, Hibbs S, Basu S, Baillie L, Cross AS. (2005) Murine macrophages kill the vegetative form of Bacillus anthracis. Infect Immun. 73(11):7495-501.
Baillie L, Hibbs S, Tsai P, Cao GL, Rosen GM. (2005) Role of superoxide in the germination of Bacillus anthracis endospores. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 245(1):33-8.
Hull AK, Criscuolo CJ, Mett V, Groen H, Steeman W, Westra H, Chapman G, Legutki B, Baillie L, Yusibov V.(2005) Human-derived, plant-produced monoclonal antibody for the treatment of anthrax.Vaccine. 23(17-18):2082-6.
Baillie LW.(2005) Bacillus anthracis, a story of nature subverted by man. Lett Appl Microbiol 41(3):227-9
C. Redmond, L. W. J. Baillie, S. Hibbs, A. J. G. Moir and A. Moir (2004) Identification of proteins in the exosporium Bacillus anthracis Microbiol 150: 355-363
Baillie L, Townend T, Walker N, Eriksson U, Williamson D. (2004) Characterization of the human immune response to the UK anthrax vaccine. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 42(2):267
Galloway DR, Baillie L. (2004) DNA vaccines against anthrax. Expert Opin Biol Ther 4;1661-7
Priest, F.G., Barker,M., Baillie,L.W.J, Holmes,E.C., and Maiden,M.C.J. (2004) Population Structure and Evolution of the Bacillus cereus. J Bacteriol 186 (2): 7959
Williams RC, Rees ML, Jacobs MF, Pragai Z, Thwaite JE, Baillie LW, Emmerson PT,Harwood CR. (2003) Production of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen is dependent on the extracellular chaperone, PrsA. J Biol Chem. 16;278(20):18056-62.
Baillie L, Hebdon R, Flick-Smith H, Williamson D. (2003) Characterization of the immune response to the UK human anthrax vaccine FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 36(1-2):83
Read TD, Peterson SN, Tourasse N, Baillie LW, et al. (2003) The genome sequence of Bacillus anthracis Ames and comparison to closely related bacteria. Nature. 423(6935):81-6.
Thwaite,J.E., Baillie, L.W.J., Carter,N.M., Stephenson,K., Rees,M., Harwood,C.R. and Emmerson (2002) Optimization of the cell wall microenvironment allows increased production of recombinant Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen (rPA) from Bacillus anthracis. Appl Environ Microbiol 68; 227-234.
Flick-Smith, H., I et al., (2002) Mucosal or Parental Administration of Microsphere Associated Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen Protects against Anthrax infection in mice. Infect Immunol 70(4): 2022-8
Williamson ED, Bennett AM, Perkins SD, Beedham RJ, Miller J, Baillie LW, (2002) Co-immunization with a plasmid DNA cocktail primes mice against anthrax and plague. Vaccine. 20(23-24):2933-41.
Spiers, J.D., Eyles,J.E., Baillie., LW., Williamson,E.D., and Alpar,H.O. (2000) Biodegradable microparticles with different release profiles: effect on the immune response after a single administration via intranasal and intramuscular routes. J Pharm Pharmacol 52(10):1195-201
Charlton,S.,Moir,A.J.G.Baillie,L and Moir,A. (1999) Characterisation of the exosporium of Bacillus cereus. J Appl Microbiol, 87,241-245
Fowler,K.McBride,B.W.,Turnbull,P.C.B. and Baillie,L.W.J. (1999) Immune correlates of Protection against Anthrax. J Appl Microbiol, 87, 305
Baillie,L.W.J.,Fowler,K. and Turnbull,P.C.B. (1999) Human immune responses to the UK human anthrax vaccine. J Appl Microbiol, 87,306-308
Williamson,E.D.,Beedham,R.J.,Bennett,A.M.,Miller,J.,and Baillie,L.W.J. (1999) Presentation of the protective antigen of B.anthracis to the mouse immune system: immune sequelae. J Appl Microbiol, 87,315-317
Zegers,N.D., Kluter,E.,van der Stap,H.,van Dura,E. van Dalen,P. and Baillie,L. (1999) Expression of the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis by Lactobacillus casei: towards the development of an oral vaccine against anthrax. J Appl Microbiol, 87,309-314.
J.Miller, B.W.McBride, R.J.Manchee,P.Moore and L.W.J.Baillie. (1998) Production and purification of recombinant protective antigen and protective efficacy against Bacillus anthracis Lett Appl Microbiol 26; 56-60
Les Baillie, Anne Moir and Richard Manchee (1998). The expression of the protective antigen Bacillus anthracis in Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Applied Microbiology 84;741-746
B.W.McBride,A. Mogg,J.L.Telfer, M.S.Lever, J.Miller, P.C.B.Turnbull and L.Baillie.(1998) Protective efficacy of a recombinant protective antigen against Bacillus anthracis challenge and assessment of immunological markers. Vaccine 16;8,810-817
L.W.J.Baillie, P.Moore & B.W. McBride. (1998) The Development of a Bacillus subtilis Bacteriophage Φ105 expression system for the production of the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 163;43-47
L.W.J.Baillie, P.Moore & R.J.Manchee. (1996) Development of a Bacillus subtilis based system for the expression of the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Anthrax Winchester,Sept 19-21, 1995. pp133-135
Baillie,L.W., Jones.M.N., Turnbull,P.C., and Manchee,R.J (1995) Evaluation of the
Biolog system for the identification of Bacillus anthracis. Lett Appl Microbiol 20(4):209-11
Baillie.LW., Johnson,M and Manchee R.J., (1994) Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis strain IS53 for the production of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen. Lett Appl Microbiol 19(4):225-7
Baillie.L.W., Wade,J.J., Casewell,M.W. (1993) Colonial variation in vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Path 46(5):474-5
Baillie.L.W., Powers,E., and Phillips I. (1993) Chlorhexidine hypersensitivity of ciprofloxacin-resistant variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. J Anti Chemo 31(2):219-25
Baillie,L.W., Wade,J.J., and Casewell, M.W., (1992) Chlorhexidine sensitivity of Enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin, high levels of gentamicin, or both. J Hosp Infect. 20(2):127-8.
Wade,J., Baillie,L., Rolando,N., and Casewell,M., (1992) Pristinamycin for Enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin and gentamicin. Lancet. 339(8788):312-3
Baillie.L., (1990) Rapid identification of Klebsiella. J Clin Pathol. 43(10)875
Baillie L., (1989) Magnesium and chlorhexidine MIC determination. J Hosp Infect. 14(3):264-6
Baillie.L., (1989) The effect of sodium alginate on the antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. J Hosp Infect. 14(2):171-4
Baillie L., (1989) Ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Med Lab Sci. 46(1):92-3
Baillie L., (1987) Chlorhexidine resistance among bacteria isolated from urine of catheterized patients. J Hosp Infect. 10(1):83-6
Baillie L., (1986) Routine screening of catheter urine specimens for chlorhexidine resistant organisms. Med Lab Sci. 43(3):284-5
Classified Research Articles and Reviews
Due to the nature of my research while working for the Ministry of Defence a number of reports and articles were generated for defence use only and as such cannot be described here.
Books and book chapters
Baillie LWJ. Bacillus anthracis. In The Encyclopaedia of Food Microbiology. Edited
Batt CA, Robinson RK and Patel PD Academic Press 2000, ISBN 0-12-227070
1:129-135
Patents
WO/1998/08952 Vaccine production of the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen Inventor: Baillie LWJ 5.3.1998
WO/2000/056361 Vaccine composition Inventors: Aplar, H.O., Somavarapu,S., Williamson E.D., and Baillie,L.W.J. 23.03.2000
WO/2002/04646 Expression system (E.coli rPA) Inventors: Williamson ED, Miller J,Walker NJ, Baillie LWJ, Holden P, Flick-Smith HC, Bullifent HL, Titball RW and Topping AW 06.07.2001
WO/2003/006649 Expression system (Bacillus subtilis) Inventors: Williamson,E.D., Baillie.L.W.J., and Miller,J. 09.07.2002
US/20060147927 High-sensitivity assays for pathogen detection using metal enhanced fluorescence Inventors: Chris D. Geddes, Joseph R. Lakowitz, Leslie W.J. Baillie
US Provisional Patent Salmonella based oral vaccine for anthrax Inventor: Baillie LWJ 14.11.05
Other public output
Report of the United States-European Commission Workshop. Advances in Immunology and vaccine Discovery 12-14 Decmeber 2006, Ames Iowa. Chair and author Innate immunity section ec.europa.eu/research/biotechnology/ec-us/ docs/eu-us_annual_meeting_immunology_vaccines_agenda_en.pdf
Science Careers.org: A biodefence Mission for Traditional Immunologists: March 11 2005
The Economist: may 6th 2004 Killing bacteria with viruses
National Geographic Today: July 16 2003 Nurse Sharks : Keys to anthrax diagnosis and treatment
Abstracts and Conference Proceedings
7th International Conference on Anthrax, 2007 Oslo, Norway
Theresa Gallagher and Les Baillie An assessment of environmental phage isolates as decontaminants for Bacillus anthracis spores
Marcela F. Pasetti, Liliana Rodriguez, Katherine Davis, Brendan N. Neeson, Steve Moore, Helen S. Atkins, and Leslie W. J. Baillie. The lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis as a protective vaccine immunogen
Marcela F. Pasetti, Chiguang Feng, Liliana Rodriguez, Ivonne Arciniega, Brendan N. Neeson, Steve Moore, Helen S. Atkins, and Leslie W. J. Baillie An oral human vaccine for bacillus anthracis based on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ty21a vaccine expressing B.anthracis protective antigen
Barnewell, Blosser,Galloway, Darko, Chute, Estep, LeClaire, Padgett, Tuttle, Sayers, Baillie and Mateczun. Comparision of the virulence of Bacillus cerues strain G9241 in guinea pigs and New Zealand white rabbits.
Albrecht, Westra, Galloway, Mateczun, Groen and Baillie. Human monoclonal antibodies againt anthrax lethal factor and protective antigen protect against Bacillus anthracis infection and enhance endogenous humoral immunity to anthrax
Brenneman K., Baillie,L., Mateczun,A., Goldman,S and Galloway D. The combination of lethal factor and protective antigen in an immunization improves the neutralizing titer of B.anthracis lethal toxin.
Darko,C., Brenneman,K., Baillie.L., Mateczun,A., Chapman,G., Falkenberg,F., Galloway D., Goldman S. Human IL-2 enhances immunogenicity and protective properties of experimental recombinant anthrax PA83/LF protective vaccine in mice
Goldman S, Wimer,S., Darko,C., Warwood,S., Baillie,L., Richardson,C., Mateczun,A., and Bargatze,R. Rhesus macaque immune responses to an intranasal powder vaccine containing Bacillus anthracis PA and vegetative capsule epitopes.
Kang T-J, Basu,S. Baillie L., Cross,A. Induction of IL-1B in murine macrophages by Bacillus anthracis spores and lethal toxin by distinct signaling mechanisms.
Neeson,B., Baillie,L., Titball,R, Atkins,H. Development of S.enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing the Bacillus anthracis lethal factor N-terminus.
6th International Conference on Anthrax, 2005 Santa Fe New Mexico, USA
Brenneman KE, Akmal.A., Cross A., Galloway,DR., Mateczun A and Baillie LW
The human Immune response to anthrax vaccination and cutaneous anthrax.
Kang TJ., Cross AS, Fenton M., Weiner W, Hibbs,S., Basu,S., Baillie L. Murine Macrophage-mediated killing of Bacillus anthracis (BA) spores
Baillie.L., Hibbs,S., Tsaia.P., Raines KW., Weaver,J., Caoa G., Rosen GM. Role of Nitric oxide in the control of B.anthracis infection
Sozhamannan S., Mcafee,FD., Galloway DR, Mateczun A., Priest FG, Barker M, Baillie LW and Read TD. The Bacillus anthracis chromosome contains four conserved, excision-proficient, defective prophages.
Chapman G. Lee J., Legutki J, Bell M., Valcarcel B, Darko,C., Groebner,J., Galloway DR, Mateczun,A., Goldman S and Baillie L. Non-human primate immune response to VEE replicon vaccine expressing the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis
ASM Biodefense Conference, 2004 Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Les Baillie, Mike Chute and Tim Read .The Bacteriophages of Bacillus Anthracis
Junkun He, Darrell Galloway, and Leslie Baillie. Characterization and Genomic analysis of a New Type of Ricin Toxin A-Chain Genome
Alan Cross, Matthew Fenton, Les Baillie. Inability of Bacillus spores to stimulate cytokine response in macrophages of MyD-88-deficient mice: potential implications
Les Baillie, Olga Pomersentev, Karen Brenneman and Alan Cross. Characterization of the Human Immune Response to Anthrax Vaccine
Chapman,G., Legutki, J., Brenneman,K., Bell,M, Baillie,L. Mateczun,A., and Galloway,D. Primate Immune Response to DNA Vaccines Encoding Anthrax toxin Components
Baillie, L, Williamson,D. Quinn,C. Galloway,D., and Groen H. Human Anthrax Toxin Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies For The Treatment of Anthrax.
Les Baillie and Stephen Hibbs. Lytic Bacteriophages as Environmentally Friendly Spore Decontaminations
Les Baillie, Stephen Hibbs, Pei Tsai, Guan-Liang Cao Guihong Peng, Michael Kleinberg and Gerald M. Rosen Role of Superoxide in The Germination of Bacillus Spores
Dangerous Pathogens 2000, University of Plymouth, UK
Townend,T.J., Williamson,E.D., Flick-Smith,H. and Baillie,L.W.J. DNA vaccination as prophylaxis against Anthrax
Thwaite,J. , Hibbs,S., Emmerson,P.T., and Baillie,L.W.J. Extracellular proteases of Bacillus anthracis.
Hebdon,R., Williamson,E.D., Flick-Smith,H. and Baillie,L.W.J. The Bacillus anthracis S-layer proteins Ea1 and Sap elicit an immune response in humans and mice and do not adversely affect the murine immune response to protective antigen (PA).