![Susan Wong](https://profiles-cardiff.imgix.net/attachments/2644?w=200&h=200&auto=format&crop=faces&fit=crop&q=90")
Overview
I have had many years of research experience in working on how the immune system damages the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas in type 1 diabetes. My research primarily focuses on causes and development of type 1 diabetes and has encompassed T cell immunology, B cell immunology, regulatory T cells, innate immunity – and in recent years, our work has included studies in the role of the gut microbiome. As a member of the UK Type 1 Diabetes Consortium, I have also been involved in translational work in developing immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes and in early phase 1a clinical trials.
Publication
2024
- Zhang, L., Wang, P., Huang, J., Xing, Y., Wong, F. S., Suo, J. and Wen, L. 2024. Gut microbiota and therapy for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology 15, article number: 1333778. (10.3389/fendo.2024.1333778)
- Pearson, J. A., Hu, Y., Peng, J., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2024. TLR5-deficiency controls dendritic cell subset development in an autoimmune diabetes-susceptible model. Frontiers in Immunology 15, article number: 1333967. (10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333967)
2023
- Hanna, S. J. et al. 2023. Single-cell RNAseq identifies clonally expanded antigen-specific T-cells following intradermal injection of gold nanoparticles loaded with diabetes autoantigen in humans. Frontiers in Immunology 14, article number: 1276255. (10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276255)
- Pearson, J. A. et al. 2023. NLRP6 deficiency expands a novel CD103 + B cell population that confers immune tolerance in NOD mice. Frontiers in Immunology 14, article number: 1147925. (10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147925)
- Okada, M. et al. 2023. Islet‐specific CD8+ T cells gain effector function in the gut lymphoid tissues via bystander activation not molecular mimicry. Immunology & Cell Biology 101(1), pp. 36-48. (10.1111/imcb.12593)
2022
- Pearson, J. A. et al. 2022. IgM-associated gut bacteria in obesity and type 2 diabetes in C57BL/6 mice and humans. Diabetologia 65(8), pp. 1398-1411. (10.1007/s00125-022-05711-8)
- Chan, K., Wong, F. S. and Pearson, J. A. 2022. Circadian rhythms and pancreas physiology: A review. Frontiers in Endocrinology 13, article number: 920261. (10.3389/fendo.2022.920261)
- Majewska-Szczepanik, M. et al. 2022. Obesity aggravates contact hypersensitivity reaction in mice. Contact Dermatitis 87(1), pp. 28-39. (10.1111/cod.14088)
- Jia, J., Kang, Q., Liu, S., Song, Y., Wong, F. S., Qiu, Y. and Li, M. 2022. Artemether and aspterric acid induce pancreatic alpha cells to transdifferentiate into beta cells in zebrafish. British Journal of Pharmacology 179(9), pp. 1962-1977. (10.1111/bph.15769)
- Green, E. A., Cooke, A. C., Piganelli, J. D., Richardson, S. J., Wen, L. and Wong, F. S. 2022. Editorial: Immunopathology of Type 1 Diabetes. Frontiers in Immunology 13, article number: 852963. (10.3389/fimmu.2022.852963)
- Boldison, J. et al. 2022. Activated but functionally impaired memory Tregs are expanded in slow progressors to type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 65, article number: 343–355. (10.1007/s00125-021-05595-0)
- Huang, J., Pearson, J. A., Wong, F. S., Wen, L. and Zhou, Z. 2022. Innate immunity in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 38(1), article number: e3480. (10.1002/dmrr.3480)
- Roy Chowdhury, S., Thomas, R. L., Dunseath, G. J., Luzio, S. D., Wong, F. S. and Owens, D. R. 2022. Incidence of diabetic retinopathy in newly diagnosed subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus over 5 years: Contribution of B-cell function. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 36(1), article number: 108028. (10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108028)
- Tatovic, D. et al. 2022. Safety of the use of gold nanoparticles conjugated with proinsulin peptide and administered by hollow microneedles as an immunotherapy in Type 1 diabetes. Immunotherapy Advances 2(1), article number: ltac002. (10.1093/immadv/ltac002)
- Buzzetti, R., Maddaloni, E., Gaglia, J. G., Leslie, R. D., Wong, F. S. and Boehm, B. O. 2022. Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 8, article number: 63. (10.1038/s41572-022-00390-6)
2021
- Quinn, L. M., Wong, F. S. and Narendran, P. 2021. Environmental determinants of type 1 diabetes: from association to proving causality. Frontiers in Immunology 12, article number: 737964. (10.3389/fimmu.2021.737964)
- Boldison, J. and Wong, F. S. 2021. Regulatory B cells: role in type 1 diabetes. Frontiers in Immunology 12, article number: 746187. (10.3389/fimmu.2021.746187)
- Pearson, J. A., Voisey, A. C., Boest Bjerg, K., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2021. Circadian rhythm modulation of microbes during health and infection. Frontiers in Microbiology 12, article number: 721004. (10.3389/fmicb.2021.721004)
- Huang, J. et al. 2021. IL-10 deficiency accelerates type 1 diabetes development via modulation of innate and adaptive immune cells and gut microbiota in BDC2.5 NOD mice. Frontiers in Immunology 12, article number: 702955. (10.3389/fimmu.2021.702955)
- Pearson, J. A., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2021. Inflammasomes and type 1 diabetes. Frontiers in Immunology 12, article number: 686956. (10.3389/fimmu.2021.686956)
- Siah, Q. Z., Ubeysekara, N. H., Taylor, P. N., Davies, S. J., Wong, F., Dayan, C. M. and Alhadj Ali, M. 2021. Referral rates of patients with diabetes to secondary care are inversely related to the prevalence of diabetes in each primary care practice and confidence in treatment, not to HbA1c level. Primary Care Diabetes 15(3), pp. 513-517. (10.1016/j.pcd.2021.02.004)
- Battaglia, M., Buckner, J. H., Levings, M. K., Richardson, S. J., Wong, F. S. and Tree, T. I. 2021. Identifying the ‘Achilles heel’ of type 1 diabetes. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 204(2), pp. 167-178. (10.1111/cei.13570)
- Wong, F. S. and Tree, T. I. 2021. Historical and new insights into pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (2). Clinical and Experimental Immunology 204(2), pp. 165-166. (10.1111/cei.13597)
- Boldison, J., Thayer, T. C., Davies, J. and Wong, F. S. 2021. Natural protection from Type 1 Diabetes in Non obese diabetic (Nod) mice is characterised by a unique pancreatic islet phenotype. Diabetes 70(3), article number: db200945. (10.2337/db20-0945)
- Thayer, T. C., Davies, J., Pearson, J. A., Hanna, S. J., Wen, L. and Wong, F. S. 2021. Differentiating MHC-dependent and -independent mechanisms of lymph node stromal cell regulation of Proinsulin-specific CD8+ T-Cells in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 70(2), pp. 529-537., article number: db191050. (10.2337/db19-1050)
- Singh, R. K. et al. 2021. Using gold nanoparticles for enhanced intradermal delivery of poorly soluble auto-antigenic peptides. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 32, article number: 102321. (10.1016/j.nano.2020.102321)
- Huang, J. et al. 2021. Toll-like receptor 7 deficiency suppresses type 1 diabetes development by modulating B-cell differentiation and function. Cellular and Molecular Immunology 18, pp. 328-338. (10.1038/s41423-020-00590-8)
- Sha, S. et al. 2021. TLR9-deficiency in B cells promotes immune tolerance via IL-10 in a type 1 diabetes mouse model. Diabetes 70(2), pp. 504-515. (10.2337/db20-0373)
- Boldison, J., Da Rosa, L. C. and Wong, F. S. 2021. Regulatory B cells in type 1 diabetes. In: Mion, F. and Tonon, S. eds. Regulatory B Cells., Vol. 2270. Methods in Molecular Biology New York, US: Humana Press, pp. 419-435., (10.1007/978-1-0716-1237-8_22)
2020
- Pearson, J. A., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2020. Crosstalk between circadian rhythms and the microbiota. Immunology 161(4), pp. 278-290. (10.1111/imm.13278)
- Pearson, J. A. et al. 2020. Insulin-reactive T cells convert diabetogenic insulin-reactive VH125 B cells into tolerogenic cells by reducing germinal center T:B cell Interactions in NOD mice. Frontiers in Immunology 11, article number: 585886. (10.3389/fimmu.2020.585886)
- Huang, J. et al. 2020. Altered systemic and intestinal IgA immune responses in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 105(12), article number: dgaa590. (10.1210/clinem/dgaa590)
- Boldison, J., Camargo Da Rosa, L., Davies, J., Wen, L. and Wong, F. S. 2020. Dendritic cells license regulatory B cells to produce IL-10 and mediate suppression of antigen-specific CD8 T cells. Cellular and Molecular Immunology 17, pp. 843 - 855. (10.1038/s41423-019-0324-z)
- Hanna, S. J. et al. 2020. Slow progressors to type 1 diabetes lose islet autoantibodies over time, have few islet antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and exhibit a distinct CD95hi B cell phenotype. Diabetologia 63, pp. 1174-1185., article number: Diabetologia volume 63, pages1174–1185(2020). (10.1007/s00125-020-05114-7)
- Arikat, F. et al. 2020. Targeting proinsulin to local immune cells using an intradermal microneedle delivery system; a potential antigen-specific immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes. Journal of Controlled Release 322, pp. 593-601. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.031)
- Huang, J. et al. 2020. Gut microbial metabolites alter IgA immunity in type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 5(10), article number: e135718. (10.1172/jci.insight.135718)
- Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2020. A predictive CD8+ T cell phenotype for T1DM progression. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 16, pp. 198-199. (10.1038/s41574-020-0330-3)
- Thayer, T. C., Kakabadse, D., Boldison, J. and Wong, F. S. 2020. Assessing immune responses in the nonobese diabetic mouse model of type 1 Diabetes. In: Animal Models of Diabetes., Vol. 2128. Methods in Molecular Biology New York, NY, USA: Humana Press, pp. 269-289., (10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_18)
- Chen, D., Thayer, T. C., Wen, L. and Wong, F. S. 2020. Mouse models of autoimmune diabetes: the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. In: Animal Models of Diabetes., Vol. 2128. Methods in Molecular Biology New York, NY, USA: Humana Press, pp. 87-92., (10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_6)
2019
- Wong, F. S. and Tree, T. I. 2019. Historical and new insights into pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 198(3), pp. 292-293. (10.1111/cei.13396)
- Boldison, J., Da Rosa, L. C., Buckingham, L., Davies, J., Wen, L. and Wong, F. S. 2019. Phenotypically distinct anti-insulin B cells repopulate pancreatic islets after anti-CD20 treatment in NOD mice. Diabetologia 62(11), pp. 2052-2065. (10.1007/s00125-019-04974-y)
- Pearson, J. A. et al. 2019. Norovirus changes susceptibility to type 1 diabetes by altering intestinal microbiota and immune cell functions. Frontiers in Immunology 10, article number: 2654. (10.3389/fimmu.2019.02654)
- Choudhury, M. et al. 2019. Association between HbA1c and the development of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. Diabetic Medicine 36(10), pp. 1251-1255. (10.1111/dme.13912)
- Powell, W. et al. 2019. Detecting autoreactive B cells in the peripheral blood of people with type 1 diabetes using ELISpot. Journal of Immunological Methods 471, pp. 61-65. (10.1016/j.jim.2019.05.007)
- Pearson, J. A. et al. 2019. Altered gut microbiota activate and expand insulin B15-23-Reactive CD8+ T-Cells. Diabetes 68(5), pp. 1002-1013. (10.2337/db18-0487)
- Dul, M. et al. 2019. Conjugation of a peptide autoantigen to gold nanoparticles for intradermally administered antigen specific immunotherapy. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 562, pp. 303-312. (10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.041)
2018
- Liu, M. et al. 2018. Toll-like receptor 9 negatively regulates pancreatic islet beta cell growth and function in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 61(11), pp. 2333-2343. (10.1007/s00125-018-4705-0)
- Hu, Y., Peng, J., Li, F., Wong, F. and Wen, L. 2018. Evaluation of different mucosal microbiota leads to gut microbiota-based prediction of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Scientific Reports 8 (10.1038/s41598-018-33571-z)
- Szczepanik, M., Majewska-Szczepanik, M., Wong, F. S., Kowalczyk, P., Pasare, C. and Wen, L. 2018. Regulation of contact sensitivity in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice by innate immunity. Contact Dermatitis 79(4), pp. 197. (10.1111/cod.13046)
- Pearson, J. A., Agriantonis, A., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2018. Modulation of the immune system by the gut microbiota in the development of type 1 diabetes. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 14(11), pp. 2580-2596. (10.1080/21645515.2018.1514354)
- Gülden, E. et al. 2018. TRIF deficiency protects non-obese diabetic mice from type 1 diabetes by modulating the gut microbiota and dendritic cells. Journal of Autoimmunity 93, pp. 57-65. (10.1016/j.jaut.2018.06.003)
- Powell, W. E. et al. 2018. Loss of CXCR3 expression on memory B cells in individuals with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 61, pp. 1794-1803. (10.1007/s00125-018-4651-x)
- Long, A. E. et al. 2018. Characteristics of slow progression to diabetes in multiple islet autoantibody-positive individuals from five longitudinal cohorts: the SNAIL study. Diabetologia 61(6), pp. 1484-1490. (10.1007/s00125-018-4591-5)
- Da Rosa, L. C., Boldison, J., De Leenheer, E., Davies, J., Wen, L. and Wong, F. S. 2018. B cell depletion reduces T cell activation in pancreatic islets in a murine autoimmune diabetes model. Diabetologia 61(6), pp. 1397-1410. (10.1007/s00125-018-4597-z)
- James, E. A. et al. 2018. Combinatorial detection of autoreactive CD8+ T cells with HLA-A2 multimers: a multi-centre study by the Immunology of Diabetes Society T Cell Workshop. Diabetologia 61(3), pp. 658-670. (10.1007/s00125-017-4508-8)
- Tan, Q. et al. 2018. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase deficiency accelerates autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. JCI Insight 3(1), article number: 95882. (10.1172/jci.insight.95882)
2017
- Dul, M. et al. 2017. Hydrodynamic gene delivery in human skin using a hollow microneedle device. Journal of Controlled Release 265, pp. 120-131. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.028)
- Zhao, X., Coulman, S. A., Hanna, S. J., Wong, F. S., Dayan, C. M. and Birchall, J. C. 2017. Formulation of hydrophobic peptides for skin delivery via coated microneedles. Journal of Controlled Release 265, pp. 2-13. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.015)
- Reeves, P. L., Rudraraju, R., Liu, X., Wong, F. S., Hamilton-Williams, E. E. and Steptoe, R. J. 2017. APC-targeted proinsulin expression inactivates insulin-specific memory CD8+ T cells in NOD mice. Immunology and Cell Biology 95(9), pp. 765-774. (10.1038/icb.2017.48)
- Reeves, P., Rudraraju, R., Wong, F., Hamilton-Williams, E. and Steptoe, R. 2017. Antigen presenting cell-targeted proinsulin expression converts insulin-specific CD8(+) T-cell priming to tolerance in autoimmune-prone NOD mice. European Journal of Immunology 47(9), pp. 1550-1561. (10.1002/eji.201747089)
- Recino, A., Barkan, K., Wong, F. S., Ladds, G., Cooke, A. and Wallberg, M. 2017. Hyperglycaemia does not affect antigen-specific activation and cytolytic killing by CD8+ T cells in vivo. Bioscience Reports 37(4), article number: 1079. (10.1042/BSR20171079)
- Alhadj Ali, M. et al. 2017. Metabolic and immune effects of immunotherapy with proinsulin peptide in human new-onset type 1 diabetes. Science Translational Medicine 9(402), article number: eaaf7779. (10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf7779)
- Li, Y. Y. et al. 2017. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (Nod2) modulates T1DM susceptibility by gut microbiota. Journal of Autoimmunity 82, pp. 85-95. (10.1016/j.jaut.2017.05.007)
- Wen, L. and Wong, F. 2017. Dietary short chain fatty acids protect against type 1 diabetes. Nature Immunology 18(5), pp. 484-486. (10.1038/ni.3730)
- Wallberg, M. et al. 2017. Anti-CD3 treatment up-regulates programmed cell death protein-1 expression on activated effector T cells and severely impairs their inflammatory capacity. Immunology 151(2), pp. 248-260. (10.1111/imm.12729)
- Fishman, S. et al. 2017. Adoptive transfer of mRNA-Transfected T cells redirected against diabetogenic CD8 T cells can prevent diabetes. Molecular Therapy 25(2), pp. 456-464. (10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.007)
- Hu, Y., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2017. Antibiotics, gut microbiota, environment in early life and type 1 diabetes. Pharmacological Research 119, pp. 219-226. (10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.034)
2016
- Boldison, J. and Wong, F. S. 2016. Immune and pancreatic β cell interactions in type 1 diabetes. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 27(12), pp. 856-867. (10.1016/j.tem.2016.08.007)
- Williams, G. M. et al. 2016. Beta cell function and ongoing autoimmunity in long-standing, childhood onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 59(12), pp. 2722-2726. (10.1007/s00125-016-4087-0)
- Thayer, T. C. et al. 2016. Peripheral proinsulin expression controls low-avidity proinsulin-reactive CD8 T Cells in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 65(11), pp. 3429-3439. (10.2337/db15-1649)
- Clement, M. et al. 2016. Targeted suppression of autoreactive CD8+ T-cell activation using blocking anti-CD8 antibodies. Scientific Reports 6, article number: 35332. (10.1038/srep35332)
- Tai, N. et al. 2016. Microbial antigen mimics activate diabetogenic CD8 T cells in NOD mice. Journal of Experimental Medicine 213(10), pp. 2129. (10.1084/jem.20160526)
- Hu, Y., Jin, P., Peng, J., Zhang, X., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2016. Different immunological responses to early-life antibiotic exposure affecting autoimmune diabetes development in NOD mice. Journal of Autoimmunity 72, pp. 47-56. (10.1016/j.jaut.2016.05.001)
- Tai, N., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2016. The role of the innate immune system in destruction of pancreatic beta cells in NOD mice and humans with type I diabetes. Journal of Autoimmunity 71, pp. 26-34. (10.1016/j.jaut.2016.03.006)
- Thayer, T. C. and Wong, F. S. 2016. Tracking immunological responses of Islet antigen-specific T cells in the Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes. In: Gillespie, K. ed. Type-1 Diabetes: Methods and Protocols., Vol. 1433. Methods in Molecular Biology Humana Press, New York, NY, pp. 127-134., (10.1007/7651_2015_293)
- De Leenheer, E. and Wong, F. S. 2016. Adoptive transfer of autoimmune diabetes using immunodeficient Non Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice. In: Gillespie, K. M. ed. Type-1 Diabetes: Methods and Protocols., Vol. 1433. Methods in Molecular Biology Humana Press, New York, NY, pp. 135-140., (10.1007/7651_2015_294)
- Pearson, J. A. et al. 2016. Proinsulin expression shapes the TCR repertoire but fails to control the development of low-avidity insulin-reactive CD8+ T cells. Diabetes 65(6), pp. 1679-1689. (10.2337/db15-1498)
- Peng, J., Hu, Y., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2016. The gut microbiome in the NOD mouse. In: Gillespie, K. M. ed. Type-1 Diabetes: Methods and Protocols., Vol. 1433. Methods in Molecular Biology Vol. 1433. Springer, pp. 169-177., (10.1007/7651_2016_331)
- Zhao, X. et al. 2016. Microneedle delivery of autoantigen for immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes. Journal of Controlled Release 223, pp. 178-187. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.040)
- Pearson, J. A., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2016. The importance of the Non Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse model in autoimmune diabetes. Journal of Autoimmunity 66, pp. 76-88. (10.1016/j.jaut.2015.08.019)
- Barbera Betancourt, A., Emery, J. L., Recino, A., Wong, F. S., Cooke, A., Okkenhaug, K. and Wallberg, M. 2016. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-Kinase p110delta does not affect T cell driven development of Type 1 diabetes despite significant effects on cytokine production. PLoS ONE 11(1), article number: e0146516. (10.1371/journal.pone.0146516)
2015
- Pearson, J. A. and Wong, F. S. 2015. Identification of islet antigen-specific CD8 T cells using MHCI-peptide tetramer reagents in the non obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes. In: Gillespie, K. M. ed. Type-1 Diabetes., Vol. 1433. Methods in Molecular Biology Springer, pp. 119-125., (10.1007/7651_2015_295)
- Alhadj Ali, M. et al. 2015. Topical steroid therapy induces pro-tolerogenic changes in Langerhans cells in human skin. Immunology 146(3), pp. 411-422. (10.1111/imm.12518)
- Hu, Y., Peng, J., Tai, N., Hu, C., Zhang, X., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2015. Maternal antibiotic treatment protects offspring from diabetes development in nonobese diabetic mice by generation of tolerogenic APCs. Journal of Immunology 195(9), pp. 4176-4184. (10.4049/jimmunol.1500884)
- Culina, S. et al. 2015. Materno-Fetal transfer of preproinsulin through the neonatal FC receptor prevents autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes 64(10), pp. 3532-3542. (10.2337/db15-0024)
- Hu, C. et al. 2015. NLRP3 deficiency protects from type 1 diabetes through the regulation of chemotaxis into the pancreatic islets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(36), pp. 11318-11323. (10.1073/pnas.1513509112)
- Gülden, E., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2015. The gut microbiota and Type 1 Diabetes. Clinical Immunology 159(2), pp. 143-153. (10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.013)
- Motozono, C. et al. 2015. Distortion of the major histocompatibility complex class I binding groove to accommodate an insulin-derived 10-Mer peptide. Journal of Biological Chemistry 290(31), pp. 18924-18933. (10.1074/jbc.M114.622522)
- Tatovic, D., Young, P., Kochba, E., Levin, Y., Wong, F. S. and Dayan, C. M. 2015. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lymph node: a novel tool for the monitoring of immune responses after skin antigen delivery. Journal of Immunology 195(1), pp. 386-392. (10.4049/jimmunol.1500364)
- Sayers, A. et al. 2015. Evidence for a persistent, major excess in all cause admissions to hospital in children with type-1 diabetes: results from a large Welsh national matched community cohort study. BMJ Open 5, article number: e005644. (10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005644)
- Tai, N., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2015. The role of gut microbiota in the development of type 1, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 16(1), pp. 55-65. (10.1007/s11154-015-9309-0)
- Lewis, M. D., de Leenheer, E., Fishman, S., Siew, L. K., Gross, G. and Wong, F. S. 2015. A reproducible method for the expansion of mouse CD8+ T lymphocytes. Journal of Immunological Methods 417, pp. 134-138. (10.1016/j.jim.2015.01.004)
2014
- Kleffel, S. et al. 2014. Interleukin-10+ regulatory B cells arise within antigen-experienced CD40+B cells to maintain tolerance to islet autoantigens. Diabetes 64(1), pp. 158-171. (10.2337/db13-1639)
- Pearson, J., Thayer, T. C., McLaren, J. E., Miners, K. L., Ladell, K. I., Price, D. and Wong, F. S. 2014. Analysis of the repertoire of insulin-reactive CD8(+) T cells [Abstract]. Immunology 143(S2), pp. 152-152. (10.1111/imm.12406)
- Perez, S., Fishman, S., Bordowitz, A., Margalit, A., Wong, F. and Gross, G. 2014. Selective immunotargeting of diabetogenic CD4 T cells by genetically redirected T cells. Immunology 143(4), pp. 609-617. (10.1111/imm.12340)
- Yüksel, M. et al. 2014. Hepatitis mouse models: from acute-to-chronic autoimmune hepatitis. International Journal of Experimental Pathology 95(5), pp. 309-320. (10.1111/iep.12090)
- Peng, J., Narasimhan, S., Marchesi, J. R., Benson, A., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2014. Long term effect of gut microbiota transfer on diabetes development. Journal of Autoimmunity 53, pp. 85-94. (10.1016/j.jaut.2014.03.005)
- Tan, Q., Majewska-Szczepanik, M., Zhang, X., Szczepanik, M., Zhou, Z., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2014. IRAK-M deficiency promotes the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes 63(8), pp. 2761-2775. (10.2337/db13-1504)
- Hsu, H. et al. 2014. Endoplasmic reticulum targeting alters regulation of expression and antigen presentation of proinsulin. The Journal of Immunology 192(11), pp. 4957-4966. (10.4049/jimmunol.1300631)
- Wong, F. 2014. How does B-Cell tolerance contribute to the protective effects of diabetes following induced mixed chimerism in autoimmune diabetes?. Diabetes 63(6), pp. 1855-1857. (10.2337/db14-0327)
2013
- Thomas, D. C., Wong, F. S., Zaccone, P., Green, E. A. and Wallberg, M. 2013. Protection of Islet Grafts through transforming growth factor-β–induced Tolerogenic Dendritic cells. Diabetes 62(9), pp. 3132-3142. (10.2337/db12-1740)
- Tai, N., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2013. TLR9 deficiency promotes CD73 expression in T cells and diabetes protection in nonobese diabetic mice. The Journal of Immunology 191(6), pp. 2926-2937. (10.4049/jimmunol.1300547)
- Hu, C., Ding, H., Zhang, X., Wong, F. and Wen, L. 2013. Combination treatment with Anti-CD20 and oral Anti-CD3 prevents and reverses autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes 62(8), pp. 2849-2858. (10.2337/db12-1175)
- Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2013. Therapy: Immunotherapy for T1DM—targeting innate immunity. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 9(7), pp. 384-385. (10.1038/nrendo.2013.103)
2012
- Alhadj Ali, M., Hanna, S., Wong, S. and Dayan, C. 2012. Functional modulation of epidermal dendritic cells by topical steroid treatment to optimise the tolerogenic potential of immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes [Abstract]. Diabetologia 55(S1), pp. S192. (10.1007/s00125-012-2688-9)
- Dong, B. et al. 2012. TLR4 regulates cardiac lipid accumulation and diabetic heart disease in the nonobese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes. American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 303(6), pp. H732-H742. (10.1152/ajpheart.00948.2011)
- Xiang, Y., Peng, J., Tai, N., Hu, C., Zhou, Z., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2012. The dual effects of B cell depletion on antigen-specific T cells in BDC2.5NOD mice. The Journal of Immunology 188(10), pp. 4747-4758. (10.4049/jimmunol.1103055)
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2011
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2010
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2008
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- Pearson, J. A. et al. 2016. Proinsulin expression shapes the TCR repertoire but fails to control the development of low-avidity insulin-reactive CD8+ T cells. Diabetes 65(6), pp. 1679-1689. (10.2337/db15-1498)
- Zhao, X. et al. 2016. Microneedle delivery of autoantigen for immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes. Journal of Controlled Release 223, pp. 178-187. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.040)
- Pearson, J. A., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2016. The importance of the Non Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse model in autoimmune diabetes. Journal of Autoimmunity 66, pp. 76-88. (10.1016/j.jaut.2015.08.019)
- Barbera Betancourt, A., Emery, J. L., Recino, A., Wong, F. S., Cooke, A., Okkenhaug, K. and Wallberg, M. 2016. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-Kinase p110delta does not affect T cell driven development of Type 1 diabetes despite significant effects on cytokine production. PLoS ONE 11(1), article number: e0146516. (10.1371/journal.pone.0146516)
- Alhadj Ali, M. et al. 2015. Topical steroid therapy induces pro-tolerogenic changes in Langerhans cells in human skin. Immunology 146(3), pp. 411-422. (10.1111/imm.12518)
- Hu, Y., Peng, J., Tai, N., Hu, C., Zhang, X., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2015. Maternal antibiotic treatment protects offspring from diabetes development in nonobese diabetic mice by generation of tolerogenic APCs. Journal of Immunology 195(9), pp. 4176-4184. (10.4049/jimmunol.1500884)
- Culina, S. et al. 2015. Materno-Fetal transfer of preproinsulin through the neonatal FC receptor prevents autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes 64(10), pp. 3532-3542. (10.2337/db15-0024)
- Hu, C. et al. 2015. NLRP3 deficiency protects from type 1 diabetes through the regulation of chemotaxis into the pancreatic islets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(36), pp. 11318-11323. (10.1073/pnas.1513509112)
- Gülden, E., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2015. The gut microbiota and Type 1 Diabetes. Clinical Immunology 159(2), pp. 143-153. (10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.013)
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- Tatovic, D., Young, P., Kochba, E., Levin, Y., Wong, F. S. and Dayan, C. M. 2015. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lymph node: a novel tool for the monitoring of immune responses after skin antigen delivery. Journal of Immunology 195(1), pp. 386-392. (10.4049/jimmunol.1500364)
- Sayers, A. et al. 2015. Evidence for a persistent, major excess in all cause admissions to hospital in children with type-1 diabetes: results from a large Welsh national matched community cohort study. BMJ Open 5, article number: e005644. (10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005644)
- Tai, N., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2015. The role of gut microbiota in the development of type 1, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 16(1), pp. 55-65. (10.1007/s11154-015-9309-0)
- Lewis, M. D., de Leenheer, E., Fishman, S., Siew, L. K., Gross, G. and Wong, F. S. 2015. A reproducible method for the expansion of mouse CD8+ T lymphocytes. Journal of Immunological Methods 417, pp. 134-138. (10.1016/j.jim.2015.01.004)
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- Pearson, J., Thayer, T. C., McLaren, J. E., Miners, K. L., Ladell, K. I., Price, D. and Wong, F. S. 2014. Analysis of the repertoire of insulin-reactive CD8(+) T cells [Abstract]. Immunology 143(S2), pp. 152-152. (10.1111/imm.12406)
- Perez, S., Fishman, S., Bordowitz, A., Margalit, A., Wong, F. and Gross, G. 2014. Selective immunotargeting of diabetogenic CD4 T cells by genetically redirected T cells. Immunology 143(4), pp. 609-617. (10.1111/imm.12340)
- Yüksel, M. et al. 2014. Hepatitis mouse models: from acute-to-chronic autoimmune hepatitis. International Journal of Experimental Pathology 95(5), pp. 309-320. (10.1111/iep.12090)
- Peng, J., Narasimhan, S., Marchesi, J. R., Benson, A., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2014. Long term effect of gut microbiota transfer on diabetes development. Journal of Autoimmunity 53, pp. 85-94. (10.1016/j.jaut.2014.03.005)
- Tan, Q., Majewska-Szczepanik, M., Zhang, X., Szczepanik, M., Zhou, Z., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2014. IRAK-M deficiency promotes the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes 63(8), pp. 2761-2775. (10.2337/db13-1504)
- Hsu, H. et al. 2014. Endoplasmic reticulum targeting alters regulation of expression and antigen presentation of proinsulin. The Journal of Immunology 192(11), pp. 4957-4966. (10.4049/jimmunol.1300631)
- Wong, F. 2014. How does B-Cell tolerance contribute to the protective effects of diabetes following induced mixed chimerism in autoimmune diabetes?. Diabetes 63(6), pp. 1855-1857. (10.2337/db14-0327)
- Thomas, D. C., Wong, F. S., Zaccone, P., Green, E. A. and Wallberg, M. 2013. Protection of Islet Grafts through transforming growth factor-β–induced Tolerogenic Dendritic cells. Diabetes 62(9), pp. 3132-3142. (10.2337/db12-1740)
- Tai, N., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2013. TLR9 deficiency promotes CD73 expression in T cells and diabetes protection in nonobese diabetic mice. The Journal of Immunology 191(6), pp. 2926-2937. (10.4049/jimmunol.1300547)
- Hu, C., Ding, H., Zhang, X., Wong, F. and Wen, L. 2013. Combination treatment with Anti-CD20 and oral Anti-CD3 prevents and reverses autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes 62(8), pp. 2849-2858. (10.2337/db12-1175)
- Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2013. Therapy: Immunotherapy for T1DM—targeting innate immunity. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 9(7), pp. 384-385. (10.1038/nrendo.2013.103)
- Alhadj Ali, M., Hanna, S., Wong, S. and Dayan, C. 2012. Functional modulation of epidermal dendritic cells by topical steroid treatment to optimise the tolerogenic potential of immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes [Abstract]. Diabetologia 55(S1), pp. S192. (10.1007/s00125-012-2688-9)
- Dong, B. et al. 2012. TLR4 regulates cardiac lipid accumulation and diabetic heart disease in the nonobese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes. American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 303(6), pp. H732-H742. (10.1152/ajpheart.00948.2011)
- Xiang, Y., Peng, J., Tai, N., Hu, C., Zhou, Z., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2012. The dual effects of B cell depletion on antigen-specific T cells in BDC2.5NOD mice. The Journal of Immunology 188(10), pp. 4747-4758. (10.4049/jimmunol.1103055)
- Hu, C., Du, W., Zhang, X., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2012. The role of Gr1+ cells after anti-CD20 treatment in type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. The Journal of Immunology 188(1), pp. 294-301. (10.4049/jimmunol.1101590)
- Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2012. Type 1 diabetes therapy beyond T cell targeting: Monocytes, B cells, and innate lymphocytes. The Review of Diabetic Studies 9(4), pp. 289-304. (10.1900/RDS.2012.9.289)
- Alhadj Ali, M., Thrower, S., Harris, S., Wong, S. and Dayan, C. 2011. Optimizing the tolerogenic potential of a 'vaccine' for type 1 diabetes by topical betamethasone therapy [Abstract]. Diabetologia 54(S1), pp. S88-S89. (10.1007/s00125-011-2276-4)
- Tai, N. et al. 2011. IL-10-conditioned dendritic cells prevent autoimmune diabetes in NOD and humanized HLA-DQ8/RIP-B7.1 mice. Clinical Immunology 139(3), pp. 336-349. (10.1016/j.clim.2011.03.003)
- Alhadj Ali, M., Thrower, S., Harris, S., Wong, S. and Dayan, C. 2011. Effects of topical steroid and vitamin D therapy in optimizing the tolerogenic potential of a 'vaccine' for type 1 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine 28(S1), pp. 80. (10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03233_1.x)
- Wallberg, M., Wong, F. S. and Green, E. A. 2011. An islet-specific pulse of TGF-abrogates CTL function and promotes cell survival independent of Foxp3+ T cells. Journal of Immunology 186(4), pp. 2543-2551. (10.4049/jimmunol.1002098)
- Wong, F. S. 2011. Stimulating IL-13 receptors on T cells: a new pathway for tolerance induction in diabetes?. Diabetes 60(6), pp. 1657-1659. (10.2337/db11-0353)
- Oresic, M. et al. 2011. T cells recognizing a peptide contaminant undetectable by mass spectrometry. PLoS ONE 6(12), article number: e28866. (10.1371/journal.pone.0028866)
- Mallone, R. et al. 2011. Immunology of diabetes society T-Cell workshop: HLA class I tetramer-directed epitope validation initiative T-Cell workshop report-HLA class I tetramer validation initiative. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 27(8), pp. 720-726. (10.1002/dmrr.1243)
- Mehers, K. L. et al. 2011. An increased frequency of NK cell receptor and HLA-C group 1 combinations in early-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 54(12), pp. 3062-3070. (10.1007/s00125-011-2299-x)
- Mallone, R., Mannering, S. I., Brooks-Worrell, B. M., Durinovic-Belló, I., Cilio, C. M., Wong, F. S. and Schloot, N. C. 2011. Isolation and preservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for analysis of islet antigen-reactive T cell responses: position statement of the T-Cell Workshop Committee of the Immunology of Diabetes Society. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 163(1), pp. 33-49. (10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04272.x)
- Scott, G. S. et al. 2010. Immunotargeting of insulin reactive CD8 T cells to prevent diabetes. Journal of Autoimmunity 35(4), pp. 390-397. (10.1016/j.jaut.2010.08.005)
- Petrich de Marquesini, L. G. et al. 2010. IFN-γ and IL-10 islet-antigen-specific T cell responses in autoantibody-negative first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 53(7), pp. 1451-1460. (10.1007/s00125-010-1739-3)
- Wong, F. S., Hu, C., Xiang, Y. and Wen, L. 2010. To B or not to B - pathogenic and regulatory B cells in autoimmune diabetes. Current Opinion in Immunology 22(6), pp. 723-731. (10.1016/j.coi.2010.10.002)
- Mannering, S. I. et al. 2010. Current approaches to measuring human islet-antigen specific T cell function in type 1 diabetes. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 162(2), pp. 197-209. (10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04237.x)
- Sequeiros, I. M. et al. 2010. MRI appearance of the pancreas in patients with cystic fibrosis: A comparison of pancreas volume in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. British Journal of Radiology 83(995), pp. 921-926. (10.1259/bjr/24009651)
- Colonna, L. et al. 2010. Therapeutic targeting of syk in autoimmune diabetes. The Journal of Immunology 185(3), pp. 1532-1543. (10.4049/jimmunol.1000983)
- Jarad, N. A. et al. 2010. The size of the spleen by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cystic fibrosis; with and without diabetes--a novel observational study. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 103(4), pp. 237-242. (10.1093/qjmed/hcp193)
- Wong, F. S., Siew, L. K., Scott, G., Thomas, I. J., Chapman, S., Viret, C. and Wen, L. 2009. Activation of insulin-reactive CD8 T-cells for development of autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes 58(5), pp. 1156-1164. (10.2337/db08-0800)
- Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2009. Innate immunity and autoimmune disease [Editorial]. Current Molecular Medicine 9(1), pp. 1-3. (10.2174/156652409787314462)
- Ferreira, C., Singh, Y., Furmanski, A. L., Wong, F. S., Garden, O. A. and Dyson, J. 2009. Non-obese diabetic mice select a low-diversity repertoire of natural regulatory T cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106(20), pp. 8320-8325. (10.1073/pnas.0808493106)
- Xiao, X. et al. 2009. Cellular and humoral immune responses in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy in NOD mice. Journal of Autoimmunity 32(2), pp. 85-93. (10.1016/j.jaut.2008.12.003)
- Thrower, S. L. et al. 2009. Proinsulin peptide immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes: report of a first-in-man Phase I safety study. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 155(2), pp. 156-165. (10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03814.x)
- Hu, C., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2009. Translational Mini-Review Series on B Cell-Directed Therapies: B cell-directed therapy for autoimmune diseases. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 157(2), pp. 181-190. (10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03977.x)
- Xiao, X. et al. 2009. Inflammatory regulation by TLR3 in acute hepatitis. The Journal of Immunology 183(6), pp. 3712-3719. (10.4049/jimmunol.0901221)
- Hu, C., Deng, S., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2008. Anti-CD20 treatment prolongs syngeneic Islet graft survival and delays the onset of recurrent autoimmune diabetes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1150(1), pp. 217-219. (10.1196/annals.1447.032)
- Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2008. IFN-α can both protect against and promote the development of Type 1 diabetes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1150(1), pp. 187-189. (10.1196/annals.1447.031)
- Wong, F. S., Hu, C., Zhang, L., Du, W., Alexopoulou, L., Flavell, R. A. and Wen, L. 2008. The role of toll-like receptors 3 and 9 in the development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1150(1), pp. 146-148. (10.1196/annals.1447.039)
- Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2008. Toll-like receptors and diabetes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1150(1), pp. 123-132. (10.1196/annals.1447.063)
- Scott, G. S. et al. 2008. Developing a novel model system to target insulin-reactive CD8 T cells. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1150(1), pp. 54-58. (10.1196/annals.1447.040)
- Wong, F. S. and Dayan, C. M. 2008. Regulatory T cells in autoimmune endocrine diseases. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 19(8), pp. 292-299. (10.1016/j.tem.2008.07.007)
- Wong, F. S., Siew, L. and Wen, L. 2008. CD8+ T-cells and their interaction with other cells in damage to islet β-cells. Biochemical Society Transactions 36(3), pp. 316-320. (10.1042/BST0360316)
- Rutter, G. and Wong, F. S. 2008. The pancreatic β-cell: birth, life and death. Biochemical Society Transactions 36(3), pp. 267-271. (10.1042/BST0360267)
- Riboulet-Chavey, A., Diraison, F., Siew, L. K., Wong, F. S. and Rutter, G. A. 2008. Inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase protects pancreatic β-cells from cytokine-mediated apoptosis and CD8+ T-cell-induced cytotoxicity. Diabetes 57(2), pp. 415-423. (10.2337/db07-0993)
- Brodie, G. M., Wallberg, M., Santamaria, P., Wong, F. S. and Green, E. A. 2008. B-cells promote intra-islet CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell survival to enhance type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 57(4), pp. 909-917. (10.2337/db07-1256)
- Petrich de Marquesini, L. G., Moustakas, A. K., Thomas, I. J., Wen, L., Papadopoulos, G. K. and Wong, F. S. 2008. Functional inhibition related to structure of a highly potent insulin-specific CD8 T cell clone using altered peptide ligands. European Journal of Immunology 38(1), pp. 240-249. (10.1002/eji.200737762)
- Baker, C., Petrich de Marquesini, L. G., Bishop, A. J., Hedges, A. J., Dayan, C. M. and Wong, F. S. 2008. Human CD8 responses to a complete epitope set from preproinsulin: implications for approaches to epitope discovery. Journal of Clinical Immunology 28(4), pp. 350-360. (10.1007/s10875-008-9177-4)
- Wong, F. S. and Dayan, C. M. 2008. Regulatory T cells in autoimmune endocrine diseases. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 19(8), pp. 292-299. (10.1016/j.tem.2008.07.007)
- Wen, L. et al. 2008. Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of Type 1 diabetes [Letter]. Nature 455(7216), pp. 1109-1113. (10.1038/nature07336)
Book sections
- Boldison, J., Da Rosa, L. C. and Wong, F. S. 2021. Regulatory B cells in type 1 diabetes. In: Mion, F. and Tonon, S. eds. Regulatory B Cells., Vol. 2270. Methods in Molecular Biology New York, US: Humana Press, pp. 419-435., (10.1007/978-1-0716-1237-8_22)
- Thayer, T. C., Kakabadse, D., Boldison, J. and Wong, F. S. 2020. Assessing immune responses in the nonobese diabetic mouse model of type 1 Diabetes. In: Animal Models of Diabetes., Vol. 2128. Methods in Molecular Biology New York, NY, USA: Humana Press, pp. 269-289., (10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_18)
- Chen, D., Thayer, T. C., Wen, L. and Wong, F. S. 2020. Mouse models of autoimmune diabetes: the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. In: Animal Models of Diabetes., Vol. 2128. Methods in Molecular Biology New York, NY, USA: Humana Press, pp. 87-92., (10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_6)
- Thayer, T. C. and Wong, F. S. 2016. Tracking immunological responses of Islet antigen-specific T cells in the Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes. In: Gillespie, K. ed. Type-1 Diabetes: Methods and Protocols., Vol. 1433. Methods in Molecular Biology Humana Press, New York, NY, pp. 127-134., (10.1007/7651_2015_293)
- De Leenheer, E. and Wong, F. S. 2016. Adoptive transfer of autoimmune diabetes using immunodeficient Non Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice. In: Gillespie, K. M. ed. Type-1 Diabetes: Methods and Protocols., Vol. 1433. Methods in Molecular Biology Humana Press, New York, NY, pp. 135-140., (10.1007/7651_2015_294)
- Peng, J., Hu, Y., Wong, F. S. and Wen, L. 2016. The gut microbiome in the NOD mouse. In: Gillespie, K. M. ed. Type-1 Diabetes: Methods and Protocols., Vol. 1433. Methods in Molecular Biology Vol. 1433. Springer, pp. 169-177., (10.1007/7651_2016_331)
- Pearson, J. A. and Wong, F. S. 2015. Identification of islet antigen-specific CD8 T cells using MHCI-peptide tetramer reagents in the non obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes. In: Gillespie, K. M. ed. Type-1 Diabetes., Vol. 1433. Methods in Molecular Biology Springer, pp. 119-125., (10.1007/7651_2015_295)
Research
Our work in research in type 1 diabetes starts from basic science to try to understand why individuals develop diabetes. Together with studying the processes that lead to disease, we also work on a number of projects to develop immunotherapy to prevent diabetes, and also have very close collaboration with Professor Colin Dayan in the development of immunotherapy for people who have type 1 diabetes.
We have been funded over many years by the Medical Research Council, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), Diabetes UK, the British Council, European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation. PhD students within the group have been funded by the MRC, Diabetes UK and Cnpq (Brazil).
Our work focuses on a number of different areas.
1. The role of CD8 cytotoxic T cells in the development of diabetes.
We have studied insulin-reactive CD8 T cells for many years, aiming to understand why these cells damage insulin-producing islet beta cells as well as how to regulate them.
2. The role of B cells in the pathogenesis and regulation of diabetes.
B cells produce antibodies, a good marker of future developement of type 1 diabetes. These antibodies do not themselves cause damage, but the B cells that produce them are involved in communication with the T cells to cause diabetes. We also know that some B cells may be able to regulate damaging T cells. We are currently studying these regulatory cells and whether they could be increased to help control damaging T cells in diabetes.
3. Development of immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptors
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that modify T cells for therapy in cancer have now been approved for human therapy by the FDA (USA). We have been working on a similar strategy for type 1 diabetes with Prof Gideon Gross from Migal Institute in Israel to design an approach to reduce the damaging cytotoxic CD8 T cells that damage the islets. We modify cytotoxic cells as well as T cells that can control other T cells to make them specifically target the cells that damage the islet beta cells. This is a novel type of immunotherapy that is still in the early stages of development.
4. Study of potential immunotherapeutic enhancement of delivery into the skin using gold nanoparticles and microneedles.
We have worked with Professor James Birchall and Dr Sion Coulman in the School of Pharmacy to investigate the delivery of peptides with microneedles into the skin for development of immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes.
5. Study of the gut microbiome.
Type 1 diabetes occurs because of genetic susceptibility factors as well as interaction of these factors with the environment. Type 1 diabetes is increasing at a rate faster than can be explained by changes in genetics. Our studies with Prof Li Wen at Yale University have been to investigate the role of the gut bacteria in influencing type 1 diabetes.
6. Study of people at risk of diabetes development who have not progressed to type 1 diabetes.
B cells produce antibodies, a good marker of future developement of type 1 diabetes. Together with Dr Kathleen Gillespie at Bristol University, we have been studying immune cells in people who are at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes, because they have two or more autoantibodies associated with development of diabetes but have still not become diabetic after 10 years
7. Analysis of B cells in newly-diagnosed Type 1 diabetes and B cell migration studies
B cells are found in the pancreatic islets in people with type 1 diabetes - they are the second most abundant after CD8 T cells. We have studied the characteristics of B cells in the blood of people who have type 1 diabetes to test if there are differences from people who do not have diabetes. We found that a migration marker is lower on some memory B cells and are now studying these B cells further.
Biography
Honours
Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales 2019
Recipient of Kayla and Gerold Grodsky Basic Scientist award for major contributions to Type 1 Diabetes Research JDRF 2021
Dorothy Hodgkin lecture Award Diabetes UK 2018
Education and Qualifications
Fellowship of the Higher Education Academy
Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education, Bristol
Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians (UK)
Certificate of Completion of Specialist Training, Diabetes and Endocrinology
PhD in Immunogenetics of Diabetes, Kings College School of Medicine, London
Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (UK)
MBBS Kings College London
BSc in Basic Medical Sciences with Biochemistry, (1st Class Hons) Kings College London
Associate of King's College London
Career/Academic appointments:
2010-present Professor of Experimental Diabetes and Metabolism, Cardiff University, UK
2008-2010 Professor of Immunology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol UK and Honorary Consultant Physician in Endocrinology and Diabetes, United Bristol NHS Healthcare Trust, Bristol, UK
2007-2008 Reader in Immunology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol UK, and Honorary Consultant Physician in Endocrinology and Diabetes, United Bristol NHS Healthcare Trust, Bristol, UK
2000-2007 Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Clinical Science, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol UK
1996-2000 Associate Research Scientist, JDRF Career Development Award, Section of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, USA
1994-1996 JDRF Postdoctoral Fellow, Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, CT USA.
1993 Medical Research Council (UK) Travelling Fellow, Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, CT USA.
1989 - 1992 Medical Research Council Training Fellow and Honorary Clinical Senior Registrar Departments of Medicine and Diabetes, King's College School of Medicine, London, UK.
1983 -1989 Clinical training posts
Scientific Advisory
2020-2022 Chair of JDRF Scientific Advisory Board
2018-2020 Member of JDRF Scientific Advisory Board
2017-2023 Deputy Chair Clinical Studies Group (Pathogenesis) Diabetes UK
2009-2011 JDRF Research Priority Advisory Committee
2000-2004. Member of Steering Committee of the "Diabetes Vaccine Development Center" (DVDC), jointly Australian NHMRC and JDRF
Editorial
2021- Associate Editor, Diabetologia
2020-2021 Research Topic Editor Frontiers in Immunology
2019-2021 Associate Editor Scientific Reports
1999-2021 Associate Editor, Current Molecular Medicine
Grant Review
2022- Chair grant committee of Association of the British Clinical Diabetologists
2019-2020 MRC Panel UK-Canada
2016-2017 Health Research Board, Ireland
2012- 2017 Diabetes UK Scientific Review Committee
2011-2017 NIH (USA) Special emphasis panel review for diabetes
2012-2015 JDRF Co-Chair Training awards committee
2013-2015 JDRF Scientific Review Committee Chairman
2013-2014 Hong Kong Universities Research General Council
2007-2010 JDRF Co-Chair of Medical and Scientific Review committee
Journal Review
Diabetes, Diabetologia, New England Journal of Medicine, Nature Communications, Journal of Clinical Investigation Insight, Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrinology, Journal of Immunology, Journal of Autoimmunity, Clinical Experimental Immunology, Immunology, Lancet, Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, Journal of Experimental Medicine
Honours and awards
2019 Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales
2018 Dorothy Hodgkin Lecture, Diabetes UK
2010 Mary Jane Kugel Award, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
2007 Mary Jane Kugel Award, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
2000-2007 Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship in Clinical Science
1996-2000 Career Development Award, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
1994-1996 Post-doctoral Fellowship, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation I
1993 Travelling Fellowship, Medical Research Council (UK)
1989-1992 Training Fellowship, Medical Research Council (UK)
1990 R.D. Lawrence Research Prize in Diabetes, King's College School of Medicine, London, UK
1980 Sambrooke Scholarship in Basic Medical Sciences, King's College London, UK
1980 Alfred Hughes Memorial Prize for Anatomy, King's College London, UK
1980 John W. Pickering Prize for Biochemistry, King's College London, UK
1980 Hare Prize for Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Physiology, King's College London, UK
1980 Barbara Wigley Memorial Prize for best woman student, King's College London, UK
Professional memberships
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians
Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland
Association of British Clinical Diabetologists
Diabetes UK
European Assocation for the Study of Diabetes
Immunology of Diabetes Society
American Diabetes Association
Society for Endocrinology
British Society for Immunology
American Association of Immunology
British Medical Association
Academic positions
- 2010- present: Professor of Experimental Diabetes and Metabolism, Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity URI, Cardiff University; Honorary Consultant Physician in Diabetes, Cardiff and Vale Health Board, Cardiff, UK
- 2008-2010: Professor of Immunology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol UK; Honorary Consultant Physician in Endocrinology and Diabetes, United Bristol NHS Healthcare Trust, Bristol, UK
- 2007-2008: Reader in Immunology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol UK; Honorary Consultant Physician in Endocrinology and Diabetes United Bristol NHS Healthcare Trust, Bristol, UK
- 2000-2007 :Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Clinical Science, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol UK; Honorary Consultant Physician in Endocrinology and Diabetes, United Bristol NHS Healthcare Trust, Bristol, UK
- 1996-2000: Associate Research Scientist, JDRF Career Development Award, Section of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, USA
- 1994-1996: JDRF Postdoctoral Fellow, Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, CT USA. PI: Dr. C.A. Janeway, Jr.
- 1993 :Medical Research Council (UK) Travelling Fellow, Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, CT USA.
- 1989 - 1992 :Medical Research Council Training Fellow and Honorary Clinical Senior Registrar Departments of Medicine and Diabetes, King's College School of Medicine, London, UK.
- 1987 - 1989: Clinical Registrar in Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, and Thanet Distrist Hospital, Margate, UK.
- 1985 -1987: Senior House Officer Rotation, Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- 1984-1985: Senior House Officer, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK
- 1983-1984: House Officer in Medicine and Surgery, Dulwich Hospital and Brook Hospitals, London, UK
Committees and reviewing
Chair of Animal Welfare and Research Panel, 2015- present
Member of University Athena SWAN Self Assessment Team, 2013-2016
Chair of Athena SWAN School of Medicine Self Assement Team, 2013-2016
Member of School of Medicine Equality and Diversity Committee
Chair of Division of Infection and Immunity Equality and Diversity Committee
National and International funding roles and panels
National Institutes of Health (USA) – special emphasis panel review for diabetes 2011, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017
Diabetes UK Scientific Review Committee 2012- present
Cnpq Brazil 2015
European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes 2014
JDRF Scientific Review Committee Chairman 2007-2010; 2013-present
Member of Biology and Medicine Panel, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong 2013-2014
National Institutes of Health (USA) – Pathfinder review panel 2008
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) Research Priority Advisory Committee (2007-2009)
European Union FP7 for Diabetes 2007
JDRF Scientific Review Committee 2004-2007
Member of Steering Committee of the "Diabetes Vaccine Development Center" (DVDC), jointly Australian NHMRC and JDRF.2000-2004
NIH Ad hoc review committee for NIAID 2003
JDRF Special Grant Review Committee 2001
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) Scientific Task Force (2000)
National Institutes of Health (NIH) Advisory Committee for special funds in diabetes (2000)
