CASE STUDY:Vienna Climate Protection Programme, KLIPVienna Climate Protection Programme, KLIP

This case study is also available in pdf format.

SECTOR: Energy
COUNTRY: Austria

BACKGROUND
The Climate Alliance agreed to reduce by half the carbon dioxide emissions (in terms of the 1987 level) and to entirely stop the production and use of CFCs by 2010. The KliP is also based on Agenda 21, which commits member cities to careful and responsilbe use of our nature and resources.
The KliP Climate Protection Programme incorporates 36 realistic packages that cover district heating, electricity generation, housing , mobility, city management and business enterprises. Each of these packages receives its moments from a number of specific projects.

THE ORIGINS OF KliP
In 1995, the Municipal Department 22 - Environmental Protection launched its preparatory work for a Climate Protection Programme (known under its German acronym "KliP") for the City of Vienna. In 1996, the Council Committee for Environment and Traffic Co-ordination unanimously approved the programme. IN October 1996, KliP was first presented to the public. The first phase of KliP consisted of a stock-taking process: existing concepts and proposals wer reviewed and evaluated, including in particular the CO2 reducion strategy schemes prepared by the Environmental Protection Department, which had been completed in 1995. The admininstrative departments were supported in their tasks by two external bodies: Energieverwertungsagentur (EVA, the Austrian energy utilisation agency) and Interuniversitares Forschungszentrum fur Technik, Arbeit und Kultur (IFZ, an inter-university research centre for technology, labour and culture, domiciled in Graz). They were charged with preparing the groundwork for information provision, advising and supporting the Environmental Protection Department in technical terms, and generally with handling and managing the KliP process.

KliP is an ongoing process
The programme was developed by more than 300 participants from over 150 institutions, among them departments of the Vienna City Adminstration, municipal operations and external organisations (interest groups, NGOs and private business representatives).

Modular system
The KliP was designed as a system of modules to be contributed by each administrative department, private initiative or private player. Where necessary, the KliP project organisers supplied their organisational and PR expertise to assist in the development of individual modules.

New approaches to project organisation
New approaches had to be created for project organisation, to take into account and empower the large number of players involved in KliP. Initially, three KliP teams were established to cover procurement/waste, mobility and energy respectively. Actual practical work was carried out by eleven small but highly efficent KliP project groups, which dealt with a number of subjects. These project groups included experts from the municipal departments and other bodies from within and outside the Vienna City Administration, supported where required by other experts. The KliP teams adn project groups provided a platform to propose policies and elaborate on them, to develop tools for their implementation and to ensure their practical realisation.

The complex process has now produced a climate protection programme which identifies the climate policies to be translated into practice by the City of Vienna up to 2010. The KliP action programme, adopted by the Vienna City Council in November 1999, defines the guidelines for effective climate protection in Vienna. It specifies the first concrete steps to be taken over the next two years, as well as the more long-term measure envisaged to be carried out up to 2010. The programme also indicates tools and measures which are required for its practical implementation. Realistic milestone schedules ensure that the required framework will be created in good time. Similarly, the programme outlines methods for regular progress monitoring. Thus, an environmental report will document how measures affect the CO2 balance in Vienna and which tools may have to be modified. The action programme also contains proposals for organisational structures that enable progress for KliP even without external support (EVA, IFZ).
But KliP was never designed to be restricted just to developing concepts. The intention was rather to implement short-term measures as quickly as possible, and consequently, several projects have already been put into effect.

Boosting energy efficiency and exploiting renewable energy sources
KliP awards top priority to efforts to improve energy efficiency at the consumer level and to the use of renewable energy sources as the most economic and effective means to reduce pollution and greenhouse gases. This strategy involves cutting thermal losses in buildings, avoiding traffic and procuring more efficient vehicles and equipment.

Successful projects in Vienna
The clear-cut objectives identifies by the Climate Alliance have been incorporated in framework schemes, such as the traffic concept or enery concept for the City of Vienna. In addition, numerous concrete projects have already led to a cut in CO2 emissions:

• extension of district heating and natural gas, both of them line-bound energy carriers;
• efficient heat and power generation in cogeneration plants;
• scaled-up use of natural gas in power plants;
• year-round use of heat generated by incinerators;
• more stringent requirements for thermal insulation in residentail buildings;
• no purchase of tropical timber;
• voluntary ban on halogenated hydrocarbons (H-CFCs and H-FCs) in construction material;
• collection and use of landfill gas generayed at the Rautenweg landfill;
• co-operation with companies within the scope of the EcoBusiness plan;
• energy accounting for municipal buildings;
• energy contracting projects;
• enforced introduction of environmental management systems;
• use of an eco truck simulator for the municipal fleet;
• bonus system as an incentive for energy saving at Vienna's schools;
• Internet exchange for second-hand goods.

The future of KliP
Provided that all KliP programmes are implemented, some 2.8 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions can be avoided in 2010, as against project figures. Compared to 1987 levels, this should trim CO2 emissions by 1.4 million metric tons, i.e. a minus of 18%, which would make for a per capita reduction of 25%. In other words: in spite of the ambitious KliP programme, no optimistic-realistic scenario can predict a 50% reduction by 2010. Nevertheless the Climate Protection Programme shows the way for a substantial improvement compared to the predicted trend.

Priorities for CO2 reduction
Any climate protection policy worth its salt needs to define its priorities so as to achieve its goals with the lowest possible financial input. Priorities must identify measures which can produce maximum CO2 savings at minimum cost. For the energy adn procurement sectors of KliP, emphasis must therefore be placed on eliminating H-CFCs and H-FCs from municipal procurement - a measure that impacts on quantities and is at the same time relatively inexpensive compared to other climate protection measures.
The mobility programmes were evaluated by qualitative criteria. Here, top priority was awarded to the programmes for a liveable town, for giving a boost to walking and cyclingm for awareness-building programmes and for schemes for ecological and economic driving.

PACKAGES OF THE PROGRAMME KLIP

DISTRICT HEATING AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION:
Cogeneration plants: more efficient fuel use in thermal power plants
Ecological electricity: power from renewable energy sources
Ecological district heating: heat from renewable energy sources and waste heat

HOUSING
Construction climate: ban on halogenated hydrocarbons
Thermal profit: optimum thermal insulation for 220,000 housing units
Vienna heat: district heating for 180,000 housing units, natural gas for 40,000 units, stronger emphasis on biomass and solar energy, replacement of obsoleye boilers
New housing: reduction of heating energy requirements in new units
Vienna saves power: more efficiency in electricity services. Substitution of electricity where possible

MOBILITY:
Next Step: implementation of urban planning targets identified in the urban development plan
Climate-focused subsidies: emphasis on traffic-prevention structures
Liveable city: more space for pedestrians and cyclists, more green spaces, more slow-traffic zones
Walking in Vienna: raising the share of footpaths by 6% to 24% in 2010
Coasting along: raising the share of cycle paths to 8%, network of cycle paths extended to at least 800km by 2010 (already achieved in 2000, further extensions envisaged)
More public transport: raising the share of public transport from 37% (1995) to 43%
Mobility pool: 2,500 car-sharing vehicles to replace 15,000 private passenger cars, available from a dense network of locations. About 50,000 citizens to participate in car-sharing
Mobility consulting: 300 major businesses, 600 school classes and three quarters of the municipal departments obtain mobility consulting services and take action
Awareness building: PR programme supports implementation of KliP projects and traffic concept
Economical driving: wide-ranging training programme to teach efficient driving styles
City logistics: bundling of supplier services to shopping streets
Car pooling: 10% of car commuters should join car pools
Lower car emissions: reduction of CO2 emissions from passenger cars by 30%, from trucks by 7% and from public means of transport by 10%
Efficient municipal fleet: purchase of fuel-saving new vehicles for regular replacement
Alternative resources: 1% of all car mileage for the transport of people or goods in Vienna uses alternatively powered vehicles
True costs: coverage of use-caused costs by the gradual raising of associated taxes and fees

CITY MANAGMENT
Municipal climate protection: reduction of energy use for heating by at least 10%; stabilising electricity consumption (1995 level); ongoing switch to district heating, renewables and natural gas
Mobile municipality: mobility-related activities in city management
EcoLogic: consideration of the environmental protection in planning and tendering works and services rendered for the City of Vienna
EcoManagement: sweeping introduction of environmental management systems at the municipal departments
EcoFood: raising the share of food grown on monitored organic farms and dispensed by municipal organisations; events organised with emphasis on protecting the environment and climate
Construction climate: total ban on construction materials using H-CFCs and H-FCs
EcoCycles: reduction of material flows, use of returnable products, renewable resources and recycled materials

BUSINESS:
Thermoprofit: optimum thermal insulation of one third of the facilities built before 1980
Vienna heat: more promotion of district heating, natural gas and biomass for heating, solar energy for water heating, exchange of obsolete boilers
New workplaces: reducing heating energy requirements in new company buildings
Vienna saves power: more efficiency in electricity services, substitution of electricity when possible
EcoProcess: boosting efficiency, changing energy sources for industrial production

DRIVERS:
The KLIP was drawn by the Environment Protection Department of the City of Vienna, in close cooperation with Energy Use Agency (EVA). Since 2001, KLIP is supported by a special department for Climate Protection to ensure the regular implementation of activities.

REFERENCES:
(will be completed)

More information: http://www.klip.at/english/